Table 1.
Descriptive statistics: older adults attending primary care settings in Monroe County, NY
| Overall Sample M/N (SD/%) | Middle/High CT Income (≥$30K/year) n=447 M/N (SD/%) | Low CT Income (<$30K/year) n= 68 M/N (SD/%) | t or X2 (df), p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent Variable | ||||
| Census Tract median income | $54,781 ($20,867) | $59,820 ($17,393) | $21 658 ($6,621) | t (513)=−17.88, p<.001 |
| Primary Demographic Covariates | ||||
| Age (years) | 75.3 (6.8) | 75.3 (6.8) | 74.8 (7.0) | t (513)= .61, p= .542 |
| Gender | X2 (1)=.28, p = .594 | |||
| Female | 318 (61.7%) | 278 (62.2%) | 40 (58.8%) | |
| Male | 197 (38.3%) | 169 (37.8%) | 28 (41.2%) | |
| Race | X2 (1)=63.26, p<.001 | |||
| Caucasian | 480 (93.2%) | 432 (96.6%) | 48 (70.6%) | |
| Minority | 35 (6.8%) | 15 (3.4%) | 20 (29.4%) | |
| Education | X2 (2)=24.77, p<.001 | |||
| High School or Less | 177 (34.4%) | 136 (30.4%) | 41 (60.3%) | |
| Some College | 107 (20.8%) | 95 (21.3%) | 12 (17.7%) | |
| College | 231 (44.9%) | 216 (48.3%) | 15 (22.1%) | |
| Baseline Depression, Illness Burden, and Physical Functioning | ||||
| Depression Diagnosis (SCID) | X2 (2)=1.38, p = .502 | |||
| Major Depression | 22 (4.3%) | 19 (4.3%) | 3 (4.4%) | |
| Minor/Subsyndromal | 184 (35.7%) | 164 (36.7%) | 20 (29.4%) | |
| No Depression | 309 (60.0%) | 264 (59.1%) | 45 (66.2%) | |
| Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) | 8.4 (5.8) | 8.3 (5.9) | 8.6 (5.4) | t (513)=−.38, p = .704 |
| Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS) | 7.4 (2.9) | 7.3 (2.9) | 7.7 (3.4) | t (513)= −1.07, p = .283 |
| Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (KPSS) | 79.0 (12.5) | 79.1 (12.5) | 78.0 (1.5) | t (513)=.73, p = .469 |
| Other Candidate Risk Factors | ||||
| Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) | 1.8 (3.6) | 1.7 (3.5) | 2.4 (4.3) | t (511)= −1.54, p = .124 |
| Physical Self Maintenance Scale (PSMS) | 1.5 (2.0) | 1.5 (2.0) | 1.8 (2.1) | t (511)= −1.47, p = .141 |
| Duke Perceived Social Support (DSSI) | 19.5 (2.2) | 19.6 (2.1) | 18.8 (2.9) | t (501)=2.86, p=.004 |
| Duke Instrumental Social Support | 15.1 (2.3) | 15.1 (2.3) | 15.3 (2.8) | t (497)= −.86, p = .388 |
| Duke Social Interaction | 8.9 (1.6) | 9.0 (1.6) | 8.5 (1.6) | t (502)=2.07, p = .039 |
| Duke Religion Scale (DUREL) | 18.6 (6.4) | 18.6 (6.3) | 18.6 (7.0) | t (503)=.01, p = .985 |
| Stressful Event (LOPES) | X2 (1)=2.39, p = .122 | |||
| No | 350 (69.3%) | 309 (70.6%) | 41 (61.1%) | |
| Yes | 155 (30.7%) | 129 (29.5%) | 26 (38.8%) | |
| Alcohol Diagnosis (SCID) | X2 (1)=.03, p = .859 | |||
| No | 498 (96.7%) | 432 (96.7%) | 66 (97.1%) | |
| Yes | 17 (3.3%) | 15 (3.4%) | 2 (2.9%) | |
| Living Alone | X2 (1)=12.98, p<.001 | |||
| Yes | 187 (36.3%) | 149 (33.3%) | 38 (55.9%) | |
| No | 328 (64.7%) | 298 (66.7%) | 30 (44.1%) | |
| Antidepressant Treatment | X2 (1)=.52, p = .470 | |||
| none | 407 (79%) | 309 (70.6%) | 41 (61.2%) | |
| any | 108 (21%) | 129 (29.4%) | 26 (38.8%) | |
| Dependent Variable | ||||
| Suicidal Ideation Presence (LIFE) | X2 (1)=11.84, p=.001 | |||
| Not present over year | 494 (96.1%) | 434 (97.1%) | 60 (88.2%) | |
| Present at least 1 week | 21 (4.1%) | 13 (2.9%) | 8 (11.8%) | |
Note: Results from independent samples t-tests and chi-square tests of independence. Degrees of freedom for each test statistic are in parentheses.