Table 2.
Baseline clinical and biochemical characteristics of the study groups
| Regular insulin | Glulisine | |
|---|---|---|
| n | 92 | 88 |
| Age (years) | 65.1 ± 9.1 | 65.6 ± 10.1 |
| Sex (male/female) | 91/1 | 87/1 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.1 ± 7.0 | 32.6 ± 7.6 |
| Race/ethnicity (white/black/Hispanic) | 72/10/10 | 64/12/12 |
| Unrecognized type 2 diabetes | 4 (4) | 2 (2) |
| History of type 2 diabetes | 88 (96) | 86 (98) |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 11.9 ± 8.0 | 11.6 ± 8.8 |
| Diabetes treatment before hospitalization | ||
| No pharmacological agents | 5 (5.4) | 3 (3.4) |
| Oral agent monotherapy | 12 (13) | 22 (25)* |
| Multiple oral agents | 13 (14) | 18 (20) |
| Insulin plus oral agents | 34 (37) | 27 (31) |
| Insulin only | 28 (30) | 18 (20) |
| A1C (%) | 7.7 ± 1.7 | 7.7 ± 1.8 |
| HOMA-%B | 1.03 ± 0.95 | 0.96 ± 1.06 |
| Admission blood glucose (mg/dl) | 189 ± 86 | 187 ± 95 |
| White blood cell count × 106 | 10.4 ± 4.6 | 10.1 ± 4.4 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.6 ± 1.3 | 1.6 ± 1.3 |
| Admission diagnosis (%) | ||
| Cardiovascular disease | 30 (32) | 30 (34) |
| Infection | 23 (25) | 18 (20) |
| Pulmonary disease | 11 (12) | 9 (10) |
| Uncontrolled diabetes | 1 (1) | 1 (1) |
| Renal disease | 1 (1) | 3 (3) |
| Amputation/diabetic foot ulcer | 7 (8) | 5 (6) |
| Other | 19 (21) | 22 (25) |
Data are means ± SD or n (%). To convert the values for glucose from milligrams per deciliter to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.05551.
*P < 0.05.