. 2010 Sep 14;33(12):2502–2507. doi: 10.2337/dc10-1126

Table 2.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters after subcutaneous injection of lispro

	Healthy subjects (10 units)	Subjects with type 2 diabetes (10 units)	Subjects with type 2 diabetes (30 units)	Subjects with type 2 diabetes (50 units)
ka (min)	0.0531 ± 0.0236	0.0455 ± 0.0242	0.0184 ± 0.0076^§	0.0179 ± 0.0091^§
T_max (min)	48.3 ± 4.1	55.7 ± 14.0	88.6 ± 21.9	130. 0 ± 46.0^‖^¶
C_max (pmol/l)	523 ± 42	310 ± 28	808 ± 218^‖	1,313 ± 346^‖^#
C_max/D (liters)	0.0091 ± 0.0007	0.0054 ± 0.0005^†	0.0047 ± 0.0012	0.0046 ± 0.0012
AUC_0-∞ (pmol/min/l)	68,462 ± 17,346	60,683 ± 15,191	192,155 ± 46,873^‖	372,571 ± 59,578^‖^#
AUC_0-∞/D (min/l)	1.190 ± 0.302	1.056 ± 0.264	1.140 ± 0.188	1.296 ± 0.208
Vz (liters)	67 ± 16	118 ± 34	104 ± 53	107 ± 46
Cl (l/min)	0.88 ± 0.21	0.99 ± 0.22	0.90 ± 0.14	0.79 ± 0.13
t½ (min)	67 ± 15	100 ± 34	97 ± 38	136 ± 72
Mean resistance time (min)	119 ± 21	180 ± 65	196 ± 30	236 ± 49
tGIR_max (min)	69 ± 12	130 ± 23^‡	175 ± 21	245 ± 64^‖^#
GIR_max^* (mg/kg/min)	9.0 (7.1–11.4)	0.6 (0.4–0.9)^‡	2.0 (1.4–2.7)^‖	2.5 (1.7–3.7)^‖
GI_tot^* (mg/kg)	2,299 (1,881–2,811)	92 (49–174)^‡	364 (249–533)^‖	678 (462–994)^‖

Data are means ± SD unless otherwise indicated. There were 10 units administered in healthy subjects and 10, 30, and 50 units in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes.

*Geometric means with 95% CI;

†P < 0.001 compared with healthy controls using unpaired t test;

‡P < 0.0001 compared with healthy controls using unpaired t test;

§P < 0.04 compared with 10 units in subjects with type 2 diabetes using repeated-measures ANOVA;

‖P ≤0.002 compared with 10 units in subjects with type 2 diabetes using repeated-measures ANOVA;

¶P < 0.05 compared with 30 units in subjects with type 2 diabetes using repeated-measures ANOVA;

#P ≤ 0.002 compared with 30 units in subjects with type 2 diabetes using repeated-measures ANOVA.