Table 1.
Anthropometrics, clinical characteristics, physical capacity parameters, and lung function in the subjects studied
| ADM | NADM | AC | NAC | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 15 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| Age (years) | 27.4 ± 5.1 | 26.5 ± 5.6 | 27.7 ± 4.0 | 24.1 ± 5.0 |
| Weight (kg) | 70.4 ± 9.2 | 63.1 ± 9.0 | 68.0 ± 11.3 | 65.1 ± 11.2 |
| Height (cm) | 174.5 ± 8.2* | 164.4 ± 5.8*∞ | 172.6 ± 7.1∞ | 171.0 ± 7.5 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.0 ± 1.7 | 23.3 ± 2.8 | 22.6 ± 2.4 | 22.1 ± 2.6 |
| TDDM (years) | 14.6 ± 6.2 | 15.2 ± 6.7 | — | — |
| A1C (%) | 7.5 ± 6.2*†Ω | 9.0 ± 1.3*∞× | 4.4 ± 0.8†∞ | 4.4 ± 0.8Ω× |
| Microalbuminuria (μg/min) | 10.46 ± 7.2†Ω | 11.69 ± 7.53∞× | 2.75 ± 3.01†∞ | 4.44 ± 3.19Ω× |
| Vo2peak max (ml/kg/min) | 42.4 ± 5.5*† | 34.8 ± 3.3*∞ | 44.2 ± 5.0∞° | 37.8 ± 2.7†° |
| Anaerobic threshold (ml/kg/min) | 31.7 ± 4.4*†Ω | 24.6 ± 3.3*∞× | 35.9 ± 4.9†∞° | 28.3 ± 3.0Ω×° |
| Peak Vemax (btps) | 101.8 ± 21.8 | 91.2 ± 14.3∞ | 115.8 ± 13.3∞ | 100.4 ± 8.8 |
| Peak heart rate (beats per min) | 194.2 ± 7.1 | 190.1 ± 6.4∞ | 198.0 ± 4.9∞° | 192.5 ± 6.9° |
| Time to exhaustion (min) | 13.3 ± 1.5Ω | 12.4 ± 1.0∞ | 13.6 ± 1.2∞° | 12.1 ± 0.8Ω° |
| FVC (%) | 89 ± 0.74 | 94 ± 0.86 | 99 ± 0.98 | 87 ± 0.24 |
| FEV1 (%) | 89 ± 0.51†Ω | 96 ± 0.12 | 102 ± 0.68† | 97 ± 0.47Ω |
| TLC (%) | 100 ± 0.77 | 91 ± 0.78 | 101 ± 0.14 | 93 ± 0.99 |
| DLCO (%) | 101 ± 0.13 | 94 ± 0.76 | 103 ± 0.12 | 96 ± 0.64 |
Data are means ± SD. TDDM, time from diabetes diagnosis. Height: *ADM × NADM, ∞NADM × AC. A1C: *ADM × NADM, †ADM × AC, ΩADM × NAC, ∞NADM × AC, ×NADM × NAC. Microalbuminuria: †ADM × AC, ΩADM × NAC, ×NADM × NAC. Vo2peak max: *ADM × NADM, ΩADM × NAC, ∞NADM × AC, °AC × NAC. Anaerobic threshold: *ADM × NADM, †ADM × AC, ∞NADM × AC, °AC × NAC, ΩADM × NAC, ×NADM × NAC. Peak Vemax: ∞NADM × AC. Peak heart rate: ∞NADM × AC, °AC × NAC. Time to exhaustion: ΩADM × NAC, ∞NADM × AC, °AC × NAC. FEV1: †ADM × AC, ΩADM × NAC. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.