Table 4.
Adjusted odds ratios for CKD stages 1–2 and CKD stages 3–5 among KEEP female participants, stratified by age, race, and BMI
| Condition | GDM | P value | Overt diabetes | P value | No diabetes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CKD stages 1–2 vs. no CKD | |||||
| Age* | |||||
| <50 years (n = 12,326) | 1.72 (1.17–2.53) | 0.006 | 1.69 (1.46–1.95) | <0.0001 | 1.00 (referent) |
| ≥50 years (n = 19,255) | 1.33 (0.87–2.04) | 0.2 | 1.74 (1.57–1.93) | <0.0001 | 1.00 (referent) |
| Race† | |||||
| White (n = 15,066) | 1.12 (0.68–1.84) | 0.7 | 1.45 (1.28–1.65) | <0.0001 | 1.00 (referent) |
| African American (n = 10,945) | 2.32 (1.50–3.60) | 0.0002 | 1.92 (1.68–2.19) | <0.0001 | 1.00 (referent) |
| Other (n = 5,570) | 1.35 (0.75–2.42) | 0.3 | 1.83 (1.52–2.21) | <0.0001 | 1.00 (referent) |
| BMI‡ | |||||
| <30 kg/m2 (n = 16,964) | 1.25 (0.82–1.89) | 0.3 | 1.54 (1.36–1.74) | <0.0001 | 1.00 (referent) |
| ≥30 kg/m2 (n = 14,617) | 1.93 (1.30–2.86) | 0.001 | 1.89 (1.69–2.11) | <0.0001 | 1.00 (referent) |
| Hypertension§ | |||||
| No. (n = 16,964) | 1.24 (0.82–1.88) | 0.3 | 1.60 (1.41–1.81) | <0.0001 | 1.00 (referent) |
| Yes (n = 14,617) | 1.91 (1.29–2.84) | 0.001 | 1.86 (1.66–2.08) | <0.0001 | 1.00 (referent) |
| CKD stages 3–5 vs. no CKD | |||||
| Age* | |||||
| <50 years (n = 11,796) | 0.66 (0.31–1.42) | 0.3 | 1.10 (0.90–1.36) | 0.4 | 1.00 (referent) |
| ≥50 years (n = 23,037) | 0.97 (0.72–1.30) | 0.8 | 1.32 (1.24–1.41) | <0.0001 | 1.00 (referent) |
| Race† | |||||
| White (n = 17,942) | 0.83 (0.58–1.19) | 0.3 | 1.07 (0.98–1.16) | 0.1 | 1.00 (referent) |
| African American (11,187) | 1.66 (0.96–2.88) | 0.07 | 1.43 (1.26–1.62) | <0.0001 | 1.00 (referent) |
| Other (n = 5,704) | 0.64 (0.29–1.43) | 0.3 | 1.39 (1.16–1.66) | 0.0003 | 1.00 (referent) |
| BMI‡ | |||||
| <30 kg/m2 (n = 18,774) | 1.01 (0.70–1.44) | 1.0 | 1.18 (1.07–1.29) | 0.0006 | 1.00 (referent) |
| ≥30 kg/m2 (n = 16,059) | 0.89 (0.56–1.39) | 0.6 | 1.25 (1.14–1.36) | <0.0001 | 1.00 (referent) |
| Hypertension§ | |||||
| No (n = 18,774) | 0.99 (0.69–1.4) | 0.9 | 1.19 (1.09–1.31) | 0.0002 | 1.00 (referent) |
| Yes (n = 16,059) | 0.87 (0.56–1.38) | 0.6 | 1.22 (1.12–1.33) | <0.0001 | 1.00 (referent) |
Data are ORs (95% CI).
*Adjusted for race, BMI, current smoking, alcohol use, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and family history of kidney disease.
†Adjusted for age, BMI, current smoking, alcohol use, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and family history of kidney disease.
‡Adjusted for age, race, current smoking, alcohol use, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and family history of kidney disease.
§Adjusted for age, race, BMI, current smoking, alcohol use, dyslipidemia, and family history of kidney disease.