Fig. 7.

Cases with no neuropathological lesions [A, 20 gestational weeks (gw); C, 25 gw] and with periventricular white-matter injury (PWMI) (B, 22 gw; D, 26 gw). Fluorescent double labelling for ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) (green) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 (NMDAr1) (red) (A,B) and for Iba1 (green) and inductible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (red) (C,D) showing co-localization in the amoeboid–intermediate microglia located in the C2 crossroads in the cases with PWMI. In B, note the double-labelled macrophages (yellow, long arrows) and the non-double-labelled (i.e. less activated) microglia (short arrows). Other cells exhibit dot-like red NMDAr1 labelling (asterisk in B) and iNOS labelling (short arrow in D). Scale bars: A–D, 20 μm.