Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Psychiatry. 2010 May 17;167(10):1218–1225. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09081190

Table 3.

Early puberty and young adulthood outcomes

Physical Development
Early On-time
% (SE) % (SE) Dir OR (95% CI) P
Crime (16–21 years)
 Minor 12.3 (5.0) 12.5 (2.4) 1.0 (0.4–2.4) 0.96
 Moderate/Serious 9.4 (3.9) 6.6 (1.6) 1.5 (0.5–4.1) 0.47
 Self-reported police contact 16.6 (4.8) 12.2 (2.4) 1.4 (0.6–3.7) 0.45
 Self-reported incarceration 0.3 (0.3) 0.3 (0.1) 1.1 (0.1–10.6) 0.92
 Any crime outcome 29.1 (6.7) 24.3 (3.0) 1.3 (0.6–2.6) 0.51
Substance Use
 Alcohol abuse/dependence 4.7 (3.2) 7.1 (2.0) 0.7 (0.1–2.9) 0.58
 THC abuse/dependence 4.3 (3.2) 4.4 (1.6) 1.0 (0.2–5.3) 0.99
 Illicit drug abuse/dependence 1.9 (0.9) 6.5 (2.8) 0.3 (0.1–0.8) 0.02
 Any substance outcome 9.4 (4.4) 11.6 (2.4) 0.8 (0.3–2.4) 0.69
Education/SES
 School dropout 11.7 (4.5) 12.1 (2.1) 1.0 (0.4–2.5) 0.94
 Low occupational Status 39.8 (7.7) 33.5 (3.7) 1.3 (0.6–2.7) 0.46
 Household in poverty 67.0 (7.3) 64.3 (3.8) 1.1 (0.6–2.3) 0.75
 Material Hardship 59.7 (7.7) 45.9 (3.9) 1.7 (0.8–3.3) 0.14
 Any education/employment outcome 92.3 (4.0) 84.2 (2.9) 2.2 (0.7–7.3) 0.18
Sexual Behavior
 Going home with stranger 6.4 (4.3) 3.9 (1.6) 1.7 (0.3–8.6) 0.55
 Multiple sexual partners (>=10) 3.1 (2.9) 0.3 (0.1) 10.0 (1.2–85.9) 0.04
 Pregnancy 29.8 (6.8) 34.5 (3.6) 0.8 (0.4–1.6) 0.55
 Multiple pregnancies 12.1 (4.9) 10.6 (2.0) 1.1 (0.4–2.9) 0.93
 Sexually transmitted disease 10.1 (4.4) 6.8 (1.9) 1.5 (0.5–4.7) 0.45
 Any sexual outcome 22.6 (6.4) 19.9 (3.0) 1.2 (0.5–2.6) 0.69
Psychiatric functioning
 Depressive Disorders 15.2 (5.9) 5.1 (1.5) 3.4 (1.2–9.8) 0.03
 Anxiety Disorders 8.8 (4.4) 10.3 (2.4) 0.8 (0.3–2.7) 0.77
  Generalized Anxiety 7.4 (4.3) 3.9 (1.6) 2.0 (0.5–8.8) 0.37
  Panic 4.3 (3.2) 8.2 (2.2) 0.5 (0.1–2.5) 0.40
  Agoraphobia 4.4 (3.2) 4.2 (1.6) 1.1 (0.2–5.6) 0.95
  Any psychiatric outcome 17.6 (5.9) 18.0 (3.0) 1.0 (0.4–2.4) 0.95

Antisocial personality disorder was excluded because of its low prevalence in females.

OR = odds ratio; 95%CI=95 percent confidence interval.

HHS Vulnerability Disclosure