Table 1.
Characteristics According to Preoperative and Early Postoperative Statin Use
| Characteristic | No Preop Statin (n=150) |
Preop Statin (n=174) |
P | No Early Postop Statin (n=244) |
Early Postop Statin (n=80) |
P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 54 .7±13.0 | 63.3±10.0 | <0.001 | 57.9±12.7 | 63.6±9.3 | <0.001 |
| Men, n (%) | 87 (58) | 128 (73) | 0.003 | 149 (61) | 66 (83) | <0.001 |
| Black, n (%) | 11 (7.3) | 8 (4.6) | 0.30 | 14 (5.7) | 5 (6.3) | 0.87 |
| Mean arterial pressure, mmHg | 94±12 | 92±12 | 0.22 | 93±12 | 94±12 | 0.66 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 67±14 | 64±14 | 0.04 | 66±14 | 63±13 | 0.19 |
| LVEF, % | 57±9 | 57±10 | 0.91 | 58±9 | 56±10 | 0.22 |
| Body Mass Index, kg/m2 | 29.2±7.3 | 29.4±5.6 | 0.24 | 29.3±6.7 | 29.3±5.5 | 0.64 |
| Medical history, n (%) | ||||||
| Diabetes | 21 (14) | 53 (31) | <0.001 | 52 (21) | 22 (26) | 0.25 |
| Hypertension | 68 (45) | 136 (78) | <0.001 | 146 (60) | 58 (73) | 0.04 |
| Smoking | 27 (18) | 39 (22) | 0.33 | 50 (21) | 16 (20) | 0.92 |
| Medications, preop, n (%) | ||||||
| Statin | 0 (0) | 174 (100) | 0 | 106 (43) | 68 (85) | <0.001 |
| Diuretic | 38 (25) | 68 (39) | 0.009 | 81 (33) | 25 (31) | 0.75 |
| ACE inhibitor* | 38 (25) | 72 (41) | 0.002 | 70 (29) | 40 (51) | <0.001 |
| Angiotensin blocker* | 19 (13) | 37 (21) | 0.04 | 44 (18) | 12 (15) | 0.53 |
| Treatment Group A:B:C, n (%) † |
45(30.2): 52(34.9): 52(34.9) |
56(32.2): 62(35.6): 56(32.2) |
0.87 | 75(30.9): 85(35.0): 83(34.2) |
26(32.5): 29(36.3): 25(31.3) |
0.89 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 1.0±0.2 | 1.0±0.2 | 0.30 | 1.0±0.2 | 1.0±0.2 | 0.95 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2 | 81±22 | 78±19 | 0.35 | 79±21 | 80±19 | 0.41 |
| CABG surgery, n (%) | 31 (21) | 105 (60) | <0.001 | 83 (34) | 53 (67) | <0.001 |
| On-pump surgery, n (%) | 141 (94) | 142 (82) | 0.001 | 224 (92) | 59 (74) | <0.001 |
| CPB time, min‡ | 130±72 | 124±49 | 0.88 | 131±66 | 110±40 | 0.03 |
| Cross clamp time, min§ | 100±48 | 91±40 | 0.20 | 101±45 | 77±33 | 0.003 |
| Inotrope use, n (%) | 61 (41) | 64 (37) | 0.47 | 102 (42) | 23 (29) | 0.04 |
| Transfusion, intraop, unit | ||||||
| Packed red blood cells | 1.0±1.8 | 1.3±2.2 | 0.13 | 1.1±2.6 | 1.1±2.2 | 0.12 |
| Fresh frozen plasma | 0.6±2.3 | 0.6±1.6 | 0.33 | 0.7±2.1 | 0.5±1.3 | 0.43 |
| Platelets (5-pack) | 0.1±0.5 | 0.2±0.5 | 0.19 | 0.2±0.5 | 0.2±0.6 | 0.65 |
*
ACE inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker use was discontinued 4–7 days preoperatively.
†
blinded ramipril, aldactone, or placebo treatment group.
‡
among CPB patients.
§
among subjects undergoing aortic cross-clamp.
ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass.