Chronic stress plus submaximal cerulein stimulation induces pancreatitis-associated lung injury. Rats exposed to sessions of restraint (4 h every day for 21 d), Stress (+) groups, and rats in the control, Stress (-) groups, received daily intraperitoneal (ip) injections of either tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-neutralizing antibody (50 μg/kg) or control IgG, rats were then treated with six hourly ip injections of either saline or cerulein (Cer, 0.2 μg/kg). Representative histology images of lung tissue. HE, original magnification, 40 ×.