Table 3.

Mean Volumes (mL) and Symmetry Coefficients (%) for Limbic, Basal Ganglia, and Thalamic Regions of Interest

Region	HC Mean ± SE	ADHD Mean ± SE	BP + ADHD Mean ± SE	BP Mean ± SE
Total cerebrum volume (*)	1210.2 ± 16.3	1170.4 ± 19.8	1118.6 ± 19.6	1145.8 ± 15.9
Limbic structure volume
Hippocampus	7.8 ± 0.1	7.8 ± 0.2	7.1 ± 0.2	7.5 ± 0.1
Amygdala	3.2 ± 0.1	2.8 ± 0.1	3.3 ± 0.1	3.2 ± 0.1
Nucleus Accumbens	1.2 ± 0.1	1.3 ± 0.1	1.4 ± 0.1	1.4 ± 0.0
Basal ganglia structure volume
Caudate	8.1 ± 0.2	7.4 ± 0.2	8.3 ± 0.2	8.3 ± 0.2
Putamen	10.4 ± 0.2	9.7 ± 0.3	10.9 ± 0.3	10.6 ± 0.2
Pallidum	3.4 ± 0.1	3.2 ± 0.1	3.5 ± 0.1	3.4 ± 0.1
Thalamus volume	15.7 ± 0.2	15.2 ± 0.2	15.8 ± 0.2	15.7 ± 0.2
Limbic structure symmetry
Hippocampus	−2.9 ± 1.3	−2.0 ± 1.5	−1.3 ± 1.6	−2.8 ± 1.2
Amygdala	−2.6 ± 2.4	−6.4 ± 2.9	−1.0 ± 3.0	−0.8 ± 2.4
Nucleus Accumbens	10.9 ± 2.8	4.7 ± 3.4	2.9 ± 3.5	3.4 ± 2.8
Basal ganglia structure symmetry
Caudate	−3.6 ± 1.1	−3.4 ± 1.3	−4.9 ± 1.4	−2.7 ± 1.1
Putamen	−0.9 ± 0.8	−0.9 ± 1.0	−1.2 ± 1.0	−1.4 ± 0.8
Pallidum	3.9 ± 1.3	5.9 ± 1.5	5.4 ± 1.6	5.1 ± 1.2
Thalamus symmetry	−1.4 ± 0.6	1.9 ± 0.7	−0.6 ± 0.7	−0.8 ± 0.6

Note: Values are the least-squares means and standard errors for the diagnosis effect from the analysis of covariance. Other terms in the model are sex, a diagnosis by sex interaction, age, and total cerebrum volume (except where noted *).

Abbreviations: BP = Bipolar disorder; HC = healthy control; ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; SE = standard error.