Figure 1. Schematic representation of the protocol.

(A) Testing procedures within each session are shown. For the determination of MEPs and for the 4-minute rTMS protocol, stimulation was applied to the left M1 with the intensity determined by each participants’ resting motor threshold (RMT). The primary outcome measure was the change in size of the averaged MEPs following rTMS relative to the baseline within each session (B) Individuals in the over-day group remained awake during the 12 hours between sessions; individuals in the overnight group were asked to maintain their habitual sleep schedule (denoted black shading).