Fig. 3.
Activation of NFATc1 is directly mediated by IP3 in atrial myocytes. A: short-term incubation with the membrane-permeable IP3 acetoxymethyl ester (IP3-AM; 10 μM, 2 h) resulted in nuclear accumulation of NFATc1, which was sensitive to 2-APB (2 μM). B: IP3 induced activation of NFAT in overnight incubations. Inhibition of GSK3 with 1 μM alsterpaullone (Alsterp) resulted in robust nuclear accumulation of NFATc1, which was further enhanced by ET-1 in a 2-APB-sensitive manner (middle). B, right: nuclear accumulation of NFATc1 after full inhibition of nuclear export with 40 nM leptomycin B (LB). Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of individual cells tested. NFATNuc/NFATCyt ratios are normalized to control. *P < 0.05, significantly different from control.