Table 1.
Summary of the studies reviewed and the characteristics of the children at the start of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for each cohort (CD4% = CD4 percentage; IQR = Interquartile range; WAZ = Weight-for-age z-score; HAZ = Height-for-age z-score; NR = not reported)
| Study | Country | No. of sites |
Observation time |
No. of children on ART |
Percentage females |
Median (IQR) age (years) |
Percentage aged <18 months |
Median (IQR) CD4% |
Percentage CD4 <15% |
Percentage advanced stagea |
Median (IQR) WAZ score |
Median (IQR) HAZ score |
Median (IQR) log viral load |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fassinou et al., 2004 | Côte d’Ivoire | 1 | 2000–2002 | 78 | 44 | 7.2 (0.7; 15.2)b | 5c | 8.0 (1.9; 11.1) | NR | 13 | −2.02 | 2.03 | 5.4 (3.3; 7.0)b |
| Rouet et al., 2006 | Côte d’Ivoire | 1 | 2000–2004 | 78 | 44 | 6.5 (0.7; 15.2)b | NR | 7.5 (2.1; 11.1) | NR | NR | NR | NR | 5.4 (5.1; 6.0) |
| O’Brien et al., 2006 | 8 countries | multiple | 2001–2005 | 1–184 | 48 | 7 (4.6; 9.3) | 1 | NR | 85d | 39 | NR | −2.0 (−3.2; −1.1) | NR |
| O’Brien et al., 2007 | 14 countries | 26 | 2002–2006 | 568 | 45 | 3.2 (2.5; 4.1) | 0 | NR | 79 | 42 | NR | NR | NR |
| Eley et al., 2004 | South Africa | 1 | 2002–2003 | 80 | 39 | 4.2e (3.5; 4.9)f | NR | NR | NR | 94 | NR | NR | NR |
| Eley et al., 2006 | South Africa | 1 | 2002–2005 | 409 | 44 | 1.9 (0.7; 4.5) | 51c | 11.7 (7; 17.3) | 66 | 99 | −2.17 (−3.09;−1.12) | −2.51 (−3.41;−1.72) | 5.6 (5.1; 6.1) |
| Jooste et al., 2005 | South Africa | >1 throughout province | 2003–2004 | 100 | NR | 5.5e (0.3; 13)b | NR | NR | 96 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Nyandiko et al., 2006 | Kenya | 9 | 2002–2005 | 279 | 49 | 6 (0.4; 13.7)f | 7g | 10 (1; 38)b | NR | NR | −2.6 ( −9.6; 2.3)f | −2.4 ( 6.1;−4.2)f | NR |
| Marazzi et al., 2006 | Mozambi que | 6 | 2002 ? | 297 | NR | 5.1b (3.2)h | 22c | NR | 56 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Blé et al., 2007 | Tanzania | 1 | 2002–2005 | 59 | 34 | 4.5 (0.6; 10.6)b | 5g | 9.6 (0; 27.6)b | NR | NR | −2.13 (−5.49; 2.65)b | −2.07 ( 6.09;−4.37)b | NR |
| Reddi et al., 2007 | South Africa | 1 | 2003–2005 | 151 | 51 | 5.7 (0.3; 15.4)b | NR | 7.4 (2.1; 13.7) | 80 | 70 | −1.9 ( −3.6; 0.9) | −2.2 ( −3.0; 1.1) | NR |
| Song et al., 2007 | Kenya | 1 | 2003–2004 | 29 | 47 | 8.5e (3.4)h | 0 | NR | NR | NR | −1.61e (1.39)h | NR | 5.1 e (0.7) h |
| Wamalwa et al., 2007 | Kenya | 1 | 2004–2005 | 67 | 49 | 4.4 (2.4; 6.0) | NR | 6.2 (3.6; 10.3) | 82 | NR | −2.45 (−4.3; 1.54) | −2 (−3.32; 1.04) | 6.4 (6.0; 6.6)i |
| Kamya et al., 2007 | Uganda | 1 | 2004–2005 | 250 | 48 | 9.2e (4.5)h | NR | 8.6 (3.5; 12.7) | NR | 89 | NR | NR | 5.3e (0.8)h |
| Malawi Paediatric Antiretroviral Treatment Group, 2007 | Malawi | Multiple throughout country | 2004–2005 | 233 | NR | NR | 3g | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Bolton-Moore et al., 2007 | Zambia | 18 | 2004–2007 | 2 938 | 52 | 6.8 (3; 10.4) | 10 | 11.8 (7.2; 17.4) | NR | 72 | −2.2 ( −3.4; 1.2) | NR | |
| Ellis & Molyneux, 2007 | Malawi | 1 | 2004–2005 | 238 | 46 | 7.3 (0.6; 17.6)b | 12 | NR | NR | 86 | −3.02 (−6.77; 0.69)b | −3.19 (−7.17; 0.99)b | NR |
| Bong et al., 2007 | Malawi | 1 | 2004–2006 | 439 | 50 | NR | 2g | (0.1; 43.6)b,j | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
a
CDC category C disease, or WHO stage 3 or 4 disease.
b
Range.
c
Percentage among those less than age 2 years.
d
CD4 percentage was only available for 34% of children and was only reported for children ≤59 months of age.
e
Mean value.
f
95% confidence interval.
g
Percentage among those less than age 1 year.
h
Standard deviation.
i
Children age 18 months to 3 years only.
j
CD4 percentage given for different subgroups only, not for all patients in the cohort.