Fig. 3.

Paleodietary compositions corrected for altitude and latitude contoured for MAP; this plot permits interpretation of paleoenvironments from carbon isotope compositions of fossil tooth enamel or collagen. Tooth enamel and collagen compositions are averaged across species and corrected for δ¹³C of atmospheric CO₂, physiological fractionations, altitude, and latitude. Most data plot at MAP ≤ 800 mm/yr, i.e., relatively dry environments, although wetter environments are also represented. b1 = Bibi (51); b2 = Bocherens and Drucker (63); c1 = Chritz et al. (30); c2, c3 = Coltrain et al. (32, 20–25 ka and 12 ka); c4 = Cerling et al. (2); d = DeSantis and Wallace (26); e = Eberle et al. (21); f1, f2 = Fox-Dobbs et al. (31, caribou, equid); f3 = France et al. (64); i = Iacumin et al. (65); k = Koch et al. (19); m1 = Morgan et al. (18 at 15.5 Ma); m2 = Merceron et al. (52); m3 = MacFadden and Higgins (20); n = Nelson (66); p1 = Passey et al. (49); p2 = Palmqvist et al. (27); s1 = Ségalen and Lee-Thorp (67); s2 = Secord et al. (25); t1 = Tütken et al. (68); t2 = Tütken et al. (69); v = van Dam and Reichart (34); w = Wang et al. (29); z = Zanazzi and Kohn (33).