Table 5.
Perinatal outcomes among singleton and first child of multiple births by mode of delivery
| Perinatal outcomes | n/N (%) | Adjusted OR [95%CI] |
|---|---|---|
| Perinatal mortality† | ||
| Spontaneous (reference) | 3218/205551(1.57) | 1 |
| Operative | 415/7296(5.69) | 3.16 (2.76 to 3.61) |
| Antepartum without indications | 6/1735(0.35) | 0.72 (0.26 to 1.97) |
| Intrapartum without indications | 16/950(1.68) | 2.41 (1.39 to 4.2) |
| Antepartum with indications | 534/27011(1.98) | 1.3 (1.15 to 1.47) |
| Intrapartum with indications | 1081/44022(2.46) | 2.01 (1.84 to 2.19) |
| Fetal death†† | ||
| Spontaneous (reference) | 1981/205551 (0.96) | 1 |
| Operative | 291/7296 (3.99) | 3.25 (2.79 to 3.79) |
| Antepartum without indications | 3/1735(0.17) | 0.48 (0.12 to 1.98) |
| Intrapartum without indications | 11/950(1.16) | 2.3 (1.2 to 4.4) |
| Antepartum with indications | 248/27011 (0.92) | 0.92 (0.78 to 1.09) |
| Intrapartum with indications | 577/44022 (1.31) | 1.6 (1.43 to 1.79) |
| Early neonatal deaths up to hospital discharge‡ | ||
| Spontaneous (reference) | 1237/203570 (0.61) | 1 |
| Operative | 124/7005 (1.82) | 2.76 (2.19 to 3.47) |
| Antepartum without indications | 3/1732(0.17) | 0.88 (0.21 to 3.62) |
| Intrapartum without indications | 5/939(0.53) | 2.01 (0.8 to 5.06) |
| Antepartum with indications | 286/26477(1.08) | 1.68 (1.42 to 1.98) |
| Intrapartum with indications | 504/43445(1.16) | 2.2 (1.94 to 2.5) |
| Stay for ≥7 days in neonatal intensive care unit‡‡ | ||
| Spontaneous (reference) | 2704/205551(1.32) | 1 |
| Operative | 203/7296(2.78) | 1.57 (1.31 to 1.88) |
| Antepartum without indications | 17/1735(0.98) | 1.18 (0.7 to 1.99) |
| Intrapartum without indications | 16/950(1.68) | 2.09 (1.21 to 3.6) |
| Antepartum with indications | 1466/27011(5.43) | 2.63 (2.4 to 2.89) |
| Intrapartum with indications | 1625/44022(3.69) | 2.77 (2.55 to 3) |
| Severe perinatal outcome‡‡‡ | ||
| Spontaneous (reference) | 5820/205551 (2.83) | 1 |
| Operative | 613/7296 (8.4) | 2.33 (2.07 to 2.62) |
| Antepartum without indications | 22/1735(1.27) | 1 (0.61 to 1.62) |
| Intrapartum without indications | 32/950(3.37) | 2.48 (1.66 to 3.69) |
| Antepartum with indications | 1968/27011(7.29) | 2.05 (1.9 to 2.22) |
| Intrapartum with indications | 2656/44022(6.03) | 2.42 (2.27 to 2.58) |
† Maternal age, Total number of years attended school, birth weight, Neonatal death or stillbirth, Pregnancy induced hypertension or preeclampsia or eclampsia or chronic hypertension, Vaginal bleeding in 2nd half of pregnancy, Any antenatal antibiotic treatment, Referred for complication related to pregnancy or delivery, Induced labour, Any other medical complication during pregnancy (excluding chronic hypertension), country and gestational age
†† Maternal age, Total number of years attended school, birth weight, Neonatal death or stillbirth, Pregnancy induced hypertension or preeclampsia or eclampsia or chronic hypertension, Vaginal bleeding in 2nd half of pregnancy, Referred for complication related to pregnancy or delivery, Any other medical complication during pregnancy (excluding chronic hypertension) and gestational age
‡ Total number of years attended school, birth weight, Neonatal death or stillbirth, Vaginal bleeding in 2nd half of pregnancy, Referred for complication related to pregnancy or delivery, Induced labour, country and gestational age
‡‡ Maternal age, Total number of years attended school, Primigravida, birth weight, Neonatal death or stillbirth, Caesarean section at last pregnancy, Prelabour rupture of membranes, Pregnancy induced hypertension or preeclampsia or eclampsia or chronic hypertension, Suspected fetal growth impairment, Any antenatal antibiotic treatment, Breech or other non-cephalic presentation, Referred for complication related to pregnancy or delivery, Induced labour, Any other medical complication during pregnancy (excluding chronic hypertension), country, complexity of index and gestational age
‡‡‡ Maternal age, Total number of years attended school, birth weight, Neonatal death or stillbirth, Caesarean section at last pregnancy, Prelabour rupture of membranes, Pregnancy induced hypertension or preeclampsia or eclampsia or chronic hypertension, Suspected fetal growth impairment, Vaginal bleeding in 2nd half of pregnancy, Breech or other non-cephalic presentation, Referred for complication related to pregnancy or delivery, Induced labour, Any other medical complication during pregnancy (excluding chronic hypertension), country, complexity of index and gestational age