. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Patient Educ Couns. 2010 Sep 18;81S1:S70–S76. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2010.08.014

Table 2.

Comparison of mandate versus non-mandate related items: Means (standard deviations) and statistical significance for t-test and ANOVA analyses.

Dependent variables	Negative	Mixed Pos-Neg	Control	Mixed Neg-Pos	Positive	Overall F
*Non-mandate related*
Recommend to close friend (1=very unlikely, 5=very likely)	3.52 (1.08)	3.44 (1.05)	3.53 (1.12)	3.60 (1.09)	3.62 (1.14)	.24
Recommend to close friend (1=very unlikely, 5=very likely)	n=82	n=43	n=80	n=43	n=85	df=(4,328)
Recommend to family member (1=very unlikely, 5=very likely)	3.61 (1.01)	3.42 (1.12)	3.46 (1.11)	3.60 (1.14)	3.78 (1.07)	1.18
Recommend to family member (1=very unlikely, 5=very likely)	n=82	n=43	n=72	n=43	n=85	df=(4,326)
Parents should get daughters vaccinated (1=strongly disagree, 5=strongly agree)	3.68 (.97)	3.49 (1.03)	3.59 (1.04)	3.67 (1.07)	3.79 (1.07)	.73
	n=81	n=43	n=80	n=43	n=85	df=(4,327)
Docs should recommend (1=strongly disagree, 5=strongly agree)	3.78 (1.13)	3.45 (1.13)	3.72 (1.16)	3.79 (1.07)	3.91 (.96)	1.26
	n=81	n=42	n=81	n=42	n=85	df=(4,326)
Allow company to advertise as effective (1=strongly disagree, 5=strongly agree)	3.56 (1.08)	3.40 (1.07)	3.47 (1.14)	3.70 (.98)	3.52 (.98)	.50
	n=81	n=43	n=81	n=43	n=85	df=(4,328)
Private insurance should cover (1=strongly disagree, 5=strongly agree)	4.16 (1.01)	3.83 (1.15)	4.09 (1.12)	4.21 (.99)	4.13 (1.03)	.87
	n=81	n=42	n=81	n=43	n=85	df=(4,327)
Government should cover (1=strongly disagree, 5=strongly agree)	3.64 (1.34)	3.33 (1.37)	3.75 (1.17)	3.88 (1.07)	3.86 (1.18)	1.64
	n=81	n=43	n=84	n=43	n=85	df=(4,327)
Government education campaign (1=strongly disagree, 5=strongly agree)	3.58 (1.13)	3.51 (1.14)	3.75 (1.16)	3.84 (1.02)	3.82 (.99)	1.05
	n=81	n=43	n=81	n=43	n=85	df=(4,328)
*Mandate related*
Vote for candidate who supports mandate (1=much less likely, 5=much more likely)	2.31 (1.14)	2.77 (1.09)	2.54 (1.25)	2.60 (1.21)	2.85 (1.21)	2.41^*
	n=80	n=43	n=81	n=42	n=85	df=(4,326)
States should mandate (1=strongly disagree, 5=strongly agree)	2.56 (1.22)	2.74 (1.11)	2.52 (1.31)	2.84 (1.36)	2.99 (1.31)	1.88
	n=81	n=43	n=81	n=43	n=85	df=(4,328)
Allow parents to refuse vaccine (Reverse coded: 1=strongly agree, 5=strongly disagree)	1.90 (1.01)	2.52 (1.19)	2.12 (1.08)	2.05 (1.21)	2.39 (1.25)	3.09^*
	n=81	n=42	n=81	n=43	n=84	df=(4,326)

Note: Overall F-test reflects ANOVA with all five conditions.

p≤.05 (two-tailed).

Bolded text indicates significant differences between negative and positive frames, p≤.05 (two-tailed).