Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 38,570 participants in the Women’s Health Study
| Characteristic | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | P value a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COPD alone (excluding asthma) | Asthma alone (without COPD) | Neither COPD nor Asthma | Group 1 vs. Group 3 | Group 2 vs. Group 3 | |
| N (numbers of participants) | 1,808 | 3,368 | 32,248 | ||
| Age (years) | 57.8 | 53.8 | 55.0 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.1 | 27.0 | 25.7 | 0.008 | <0.0001 |
| Physical Activity (METs, kcal/week) | 825.2 | 998.4 | 986.4 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Alcohol Intake | |||||
| Never/rarely | 48.9 | 45.5 | 43.7 | <0.0001 | 0.05 |
| 1 to 3 drinks/month | 12.8 | 13.8 | 13.2 | 0.65 | 0.28 |
| 1 to 6 drinks/week | 26.8 | 31.4 | 32.7 | <0.0001 | 0.12 |
| ≥1 drinks/day | 11.6 | 9.3 | 10.4 | 0.13 | 0.04 |
| Cigarette Smoking, % | |||||
| Never smoker | 31.9 | 52.6 | 52.6 | <0.0001 | 0.99 |
| Past smoker | 32.7 | 38.9 | 35.6 | 0.01 | 0.0002 |
| Current smoker (<15 cigarettes/day) | 8.2 | 3.8 | 4.7 | <0.0001 | 0.02 |
| Current smoker (≥15 cigarettes/day) | 27.2 | 4.7 | 7.0 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Postmenopausal Hormone Use (%) | |||||
| Never users | 39.5 | 37.4 | 42.8 | 0.006 | <0.0001 |
| Past users | 15.0 | 9.6 | 10.4 | <0.0001 | 0.18 |
| Current users | 45.5 | 53.0 | 46.8 | 0.27 | <0.0001 |
| Menopausal Status | |||||
| Premenopausal | 12.0 | 24.2 | 23.1 | <0.0001 | 0.14 |
| Menopausal | 74.3 | 59.4 | 64.1 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Family history of diabetes (%) | 27.8 | 26.4 | 24.4 | 0.0013 | 0.01 |
| History of hypertension (%) | 37.7 | 35.1 | 30.8 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| History of hyperlipidemia (%) | 38.8 | 34.5 | 33.7 | <0.0001 | 0.38 |
| Total calorie (kcal/day) | 1708.5 | 1744.6 | 1723.5 | 0.26 | 0.03 |
a
Crude comparisons using t-test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables.