Table 3. Adjusted 5-year hazard ratios for children diagnosed with cancer in Australia by diagnostic group, sex, age at diagnosis, year of diagnosis and stage (where relevant), 1997–2006a,b,c.
|
Sex
|
Age at diagnosisd
|
Year of diagnosis
|
Stagee
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer type | Boys | Girls | <1 years | 1–4 yrs | 5–9 yrs | 10–14 yrs | 1992–1998 | 1999–2006 | I | II | III | IV |
| All cancers combined | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.82–1.02) | 1.39 (1.15–1.67) | 1.00* | 1.08 (0.93–1.24) | 0.96 (0.84–1.11) | 1.00* | 0.84 (0.74–0.94) | — | — | — | — |
| I. Leukaemias | 1.00* | 0.76 (0.62–0.93) | 4.75 (3.45–6.54) | 1.00** | 1.32 (1.02–1.71) | 1.99 (1.53–2.58) | 1.00** | 0.59 (0.48–0.73) | — | — | — | — |
| IA Lymphoid leukaemias | 1.00* | 0.65 (0.50–0.85) | 6.47 (3.93–10.63) | 1.00** | 1.42 (1.04–1.96) | 2.11 (1.50–2.95) | 1.00** | 0.61 (0.47–0.80) | — | — | — | — |
| IB. Myeloid leukaemias | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.72–1.49) | 1.83 (1.06–3.15) | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.61–1.63) | 1.27 (0.79–2.05) | 1.00** | 0.52 (0.35–0.76) | — | — | — | — |
| II. Lymphomas | 1.00 | 1.12 (0.65–1.94) | 0.92 (0.11–7.78) | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.54–2.21) | 0.78 (0.39–1.54) | 1.00 | 0.61 (0.36–1.04) | 1.00* | 0.83 (0.21–3.21) | 4.41 (1.65–11.78) | 3.74 (1.22–11.47) |
| III. Tumours of the CNSf | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.83–1.23) | 2.12 (1.53–2.93) | 1.00** | 0.83 (0.65–1.06) | 0.62 (0.47–0.81) | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.79–1.21) | — | — | — | — |
| IV. Neuroblastoma | 1.00 | 1.23 (0.84–1.79) | 0.26 (0.15–0.45) | 1.00** | 1.47 (0.88–2.48) | 0.63 (0.19–2.04) | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.57–1.25) | 1.00** | 2.18 (0.48–9.96) | 6.08 (1.68–22.00) | 12.73 (3.95–40.96) |
| VI. Renal tumours | 1.00 | 0.77 (0.39–1.52) | 4.69 (2.08–10.55) | 1.00* | 1.55 (0.65–3.69) | 2.08 (0.53–8.23) | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.45–1.83) | 1.00* | 1.28 (0.33–4.89) | 2.09 (0.57–7.72) | 6.01 (1.97–18.37) |
| VII. Hepatic tumours | 1.00 | 0.60 (0.23–1.57) | 0.60 (0.17–2.16) | 1.00* | 3.03 (0.96–9.57) | 3.01 (1.03–8.79) | 1.00 | 1.12 (0.44–2.87) | — | — | — | — |
| VIII. Malignant bone tumours | 1.00 | 0.78 (0.50–1.22) | 1.00* | 1.85 (1.09–3.13) | 1.00 | 0.81 (0.51–1.28) | — | — | — | — | ||
| IX. Soft-tissue sarcomas | 1.00 | 0.81 (0.53–1.23) | 1.27 (0.53–3.04) | 1.00 | 1.11 (0.62–2.00) | 1.62 (0.96–2.73) | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.65–1.57) | — | — | — | — |
| IXA. Rhabdomyosarcomas | 1.00 | 0.83 (0.45–1.54) | 1.00* | 1.07 (0.51–2.26) | 3.12 (1.49–6.54) | 1.00 | 1.21 (0.62–2.37) | 1.00** | 4.69 (2.11–10.43) | |||
| X. Germ-cell tumoursf | 1.00 | 1.52 (0.66–3.50) | 2.17 (0.62–7.57) | 1.00 | 3.20 (0.87–11.78) | 1.39 (0.40–4.85) | 1.00 | 0.78 (0.34–1.82) | — | — | — | — |
| XI. Other malignant epithelial neoplasms & melanomas | 1.00 | 0.61 (0.27–1.40) | 1.00 | 1.90 (0.39–9.31) | 0.67 (0.15–3.06) | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.42–2.34) | — | — | — | — | |
Includes survival upto 5 years after diagnosis, so the ‘at risk’ period of 1997–2006 means that children who were diagnosed between January 1st 1992 and December 31st 2006 have the potential to be included in the analysis.
Model for retinoblastoma did not converge because of insufficient deaths and so is not included in this table.
**: highly significant group effect (P<0.001); *: significant group effect (0.001<P<0.05).
Insufficient numbers of cases aged <1 meant that children <1 years and 1–4 years were combined for rhabdomyosarcomas and other malignant epithelial neoplasms and melanomas, and 0–9 years combined for malignant bone tumours.
Cases with unknown stage were included in the models, but separate results are not presented in the tables.
Includes cancers of benign or uncertain behaviour.