Table 2.
Utilization, costs and differences in costs during the 12-months follow-up period.
| Resource use and costs | Intervention (n = 320) Mean (SD) |
Usual care (n = 318) Mean (SD) |
Intervention - Usual care Difference in costs Mean (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| General practitioner | |||
| - no of visits | 0.37 (1.43) | 0.43 (1.39) | |
| - costs2 | 7.69 (30.12) | 9.12 (29.22) | -1.44 (-6.05; 3.18) |
| Medical specialist | |||
| - no of visits | 0.25 (1.37) | 0.28 (1.26) | |
| - costs2 | 25.50 (140.14) | 28.55 (128.38) | -3.05 (-23.95; 17.85) |
| Physical and alternative therapist | |||
| - no of treatment sessions | 1.71 (5.68) | 1.65 (4.89) | |
| - costs2 | 40.55 (134.50) | 39.02 (115.81) | 1.53 (-17.99; 21.05) |
| Occupational psychologist | |||
| - no of treatment sessions | 0.02 (0.21) | 0.00 (0.06) | |
| - costs3 | 2.37 (26.39) | 0.40 (7.09) | 1.97 (-1.03; 4.98) |
| Occupational physiotherapy | |||
| - no of treatment sessions | 0.17 (1.61) | 0.18 (1.06) | |
| - costs3 | 23.92 (195.11) | 21.78 (128.17) | 2.14 (-23.54; 27.82) |
| Occupational health physician | |||
| - no of visits | 0.11 (0.68) | 0.12 (0.67) | |
| - costs3 | 7.66 (47.87) | 8.59 (46.89) | -0.93 (-8.30; 6.44) |
| Purchased products aimed at reducing symptoms |
|||
| - % yes | 14 | 11 | |
| - costs | 0.16 (2.30) | 0.03 (0.56) | 0.13 (-0.19; 0.44) |
| Sick leave from paid labour | |||
| - no of days | 10.38 (21.31) | 12.50 (25.25) | |
| - costs2 | 1768.18 (3686.11) | 2090.78 (4303.91) | -322.60 (-945.48; 300.28) |
Utilization, costs and differences in costs (€, 2006 values 1) of health care, non-health care resources and sick leave per person in the intervention and usual care group during the 12-months follow-up period. 1 € = US $ 1.27; 2 prices according to "Standardisation of costs: the Dutch manual for costing in economic evaluations", Oostenbrink, 2004. Indirect costs for paid labour were calculated according to the friction cost approach on the basis of the mean income of the Dutch working population stratified for age and gender [17]; 3 prices according to the professional organisation (Occupational Health Service - Arbo Unie)