Early morning hormone levels in nonobese (open squares) and obese (solid squares) peripubertal girls by breast Tanner stage. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Differences were assessed with Wilcoxon rank sum tests before Bonferroni correction: * p < 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001, *** p ≤ 0.0001. Conversion from conventional to SI units: total T × 3.47 (nmol/L). (McCartney et al, 2007,12 adapted with permission from The Endocrine Society.)