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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Nov 30.
Published in final edited form as: Crit Rev Immunol. 2007;27(4):367–397. doi: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.v27.i4.60

Table 1.

Apobec/AID cytidine deaminase family of proteins in the human and the mouse

Group Chromosomal location Enzymatic activities Putative function
Apobec1 hu Chr. 12
mo Chr. 6		 C6666→U in ApoB mRNA192; dC→dU in single-stranded DNA (weak)12 Determines tissue-specific expression of the truncated ApoB protein192
Apobec2 hu Chr. 6
mo Chr. 17		 Unknown; No deamination activity Unknown
Apobec3a
 Apobec3B hu Chr. 22 Unknown Inhibits HIV infection moderately
 Apobec3C hu Chr. 22 dC→dU in DNA (weak)193 Inhibits HIV infection193
 Apobec3F hu Chr. 22 dC→dU in nascent HIV minus-strand DNA; deamination-independent12,194 Inhibits HIV infection; Inhibits HBV pregenomic RNA reverse transcription12,194
 Apobec3G hu Chr. 22 dC→dU in nascent HIV minus-strand DNA; deamination-independent12,194 Inhibits HIV infection; Inhibits HBV pregenomic RNA reverse transcription12,194
 Apobec3 mo Chr. 15 deamination-independent195 Inhibits MMTV infection195
AID hu Chr. 12
mo Chr. 6		 dC→dU in single-stranded DNA178,179; dC→dU in transcribed double-stranded DNA174; C→U in putative pre-RNA13; deamination-independent196 Mediates SHM and CSR7,8; Limits infection by transforming retroviruses196
a

In the human, there are at least eight Apobec3 group proteins, from Apobec3A to Apobec3H, and their genes are clustered; only the four best studied Apobec3 proteins are reported here. In the mouse, there is only one Apobec3 protein.