Figure 1. Associations between retinal arteriolar diameter (CRAE) and modeled long-term PM_2.5 concentrations after control for covariates.

Note: CRAE values represent residuals from full joint model (i.e., model controlled for age, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, income, education, smoking history, alcohol use, family history of cardiovascular disease, LDL, HDL, blood pressure, diabetes, glucose, physical activity, emphysema, CRP, fibrinogen, homocysteine, CRVE, and previous day PM_2.5 concentration). Data are plotted as a cubic polynomial with 3 df.