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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Nov 30.
Published in final edited form as: Br J Psychiatry. 2007 Dec;191:512–520. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.106.034694

Table 3. Estimated fixed effects assessing growth patterns and adult schizophrenia.

Unadjusted model Adjusted model
B 95% Cl P B 95% Cl P
Early life (birth to 2½ years)
 Entire sample (n=7780)
  Mean height at birth, cm (intercept) 52.59 52.51 to 52.66 < 0.001 38.76 38.24 to 39.28 < 0.001
  Linear change in height, cm/year 30.37 30.26 to 30.48 < 0.001 30.37 30.25 to 30.48 < 0.001
  Quadratic change in height, cm/year2 −6.69 −6.74 to −6.64 < 0.001 −6.69 −6.74 to −6.65 < 0.001
  Effect of SSD on birth length, cm −0.09 −0.77 to 0.58 0.784 −0.20 −0.64 to 0.24 0.375
  Effect of SSD on linear growth, cm/year 0.35 −0.82 to 1.52 0.560 0.74 −0.53 to 2.01 0.253
  Effect of gender1 and SSD on growth, cm/year −1.12 −2.04 to −0.20 0.017 −1.55 −2.52 to −0.57 0.002
 Females only (n=3802)
  Mean height at birth, cm (intercept) 51.64 51.57 to 51.72 < 0.001 38.51 37.79 to 39.23 < 0.001
  Linear change in height, cm/year 29.54 29.40 to 29.68 < 0.001 29.54 29.39 to 29.68 < 0.001
  Quadratic change in height, cm/year2 −6.37 −6.44 to −6.30 < 0.001 −6.37 −6.44 to −6.31 < 0.001
  Effect of SSD on birth length, cm −0.02 −0.87 to 0.83 0.968 −0.02 −0.57 to 0.52 0.936
  Effect of SSD on growth, cm/year −1.03 −1.73 to −0.33 0.004 −1.26 −2.00 to −0.53 0.001
 Males only (n=3978)
  Mean height at birth, cm (intercept) 52.46 52.39 to 52.54 < 0.001 38.42 37.66 to 39.18 < 0.001
  Linear change in height, cm/year 30.94 30.79 to 31.09 < 0.001 30.95 30.79 to 31.10 < 0.001
  Quadratic change in height, cm/year2 −6.97 −7.04 to −6.91 < 0.001 −6.98 −7.05 to −6.91 < 0.001
  Effect of SSD on birth length, cm −0.03 −0.70 to 0.64 0.921 −0.16 −0.59 to 0.28 0.480
  Effect of SSD on growth, cm/year 0.06 −0.52 to 0.64 0.836 0.26 −0.37 to 0.89 0.420
Later childhood (2½ to 9 years)
 Entire sample (n=7353)
  Mean height at age 2½ years, cm (intercept) 91.00 90.87 to 91.13 < 0.001 88.36 86.91 to 89.81 < 0.001
  Linear change in height, cm/year 7.94 7.89 to 7.99 < 0.001 7.94 7.89 to 7.99 < 0.001
  Quadratic change in height, cm/year2 −0.22 −0.23 to −0.22 < 0.001 −0.22 −0.23 to −0.22 < 0.001
  Effect of SSD on height at age 2½ years, cm 0.53 −0.73 to 1.80 0.408 0.17 −1.11 to 1.46 0.790
  Effect of SSD on linear growth, cm/year −0.08 −0.62 to 0.46 0.769 −0.04 −0.63 to 0.55 0.896
  Effect of gender and SSD on growth, cm/year1 −0.16 −0.61 to 0.29 0.478 −0.21 −0.70 to 0.27 0.389

SSD, schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: presence of SSD=1, absence of SSD=0.

1

Gender is categorised as female=1, male=0.