Table 5.

The frequency of the metabolic syndrome and its components before and after four weeks of an energy-restricted low-carbohydrate diet in overweight or obese subjects with low HDL-C levels

	n*	Before-diet†	After-diet†	p value‡
Men§
Metabolic Syndrome∥	16	50%	17%	0.031
Abnormal waist circumference criterion	16	56%	33%	0.125
Abnormal glucose criterion	18	11%	6%	1.000
Abnormal triglyceride criterion	18	33%	6%	0.063
Abnormal HDL-C criterion	18	100%	61%	0.016
Abnormal blood pressure criterion	17	53%	33%	0.250
Women¶
Metabolic Syndrome∥	25	48%	24%	0.070
Abnormal waist circumference criterion	25	76%	60%	0.125
Abnormal glucose criterion	25	16%	28%	0.250
Abnormal triglyceride criterion	25	16%	4%	0.250
Abnormal HDL-C criterion	25	100%	88%	0.250
Abnormal blood pressure criterion	25	40%	24%	0.219

*some data are missing for some of the variables †percentage is given in the column ‡before- and after-diet frequencies are compared with a McNemar's test §men were prescribed an 1800 kcal 100-gram (22% of daily energy from) carbohydrate diet ∥the metabolic syndrome and its components are defined according to modified United States National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria [1,20] ¶women were prescribed a 1400 kcal 75-gram (21% of daily energy from) carbohydrate diet