Table 6.
The correlation coefficients between the change in daily energy intake, the change in daily carbohydrate intake or the change in insulin sensitivity and outcome variables before and after four weeks of low-carbohydrate diet in overweight or obese subjects with low HDL-C levels
| Δ Energy intake | Δ CHO intake | Δ HOMA | |
|---|---|---|---|
| All subjects† | |||
| Δ body weight | 0.286 | 0.321* | -0.085 |
| Δ BMI | 0.121 | 0.183 | -0.133 |
| Δ WC | 0.132 | 0.142 | -0.144 |
| Δ body fat ratio | -0.182 | -0.189 | 0.168 |
| Δ fat mass | -0.120 | 0.103 | 0.131 |
| Δ SBP | 0.082 | 0.126 | -0.060 |
| Δ DBP | 0.307 | 0.285 | 0.139 |
| Δ TC | -0.084 | -0.033 | -0.030 |
| Δ HDL-C | -0.172 | -0.266 | -0.059 |
| Δ TC/HDL-C | 0.134 | 0.319* | 0.033 |
| Δ LDL-C | -0.218 | -0.214 | -0.051 |
| Δ TG | 0.303 | 0.427** | 0.059 |
| Δ Glucose | -0.113 | -0.84 | 0.589** |
| Δ Insulin | 0.263 | 0.220 | 0.981** |
| Δ HOMA | 0.213 | 0.162 | 1 |
| Menठ| |||
| Δ body weight | 0.386 | 0.493* | -0.530* |
| Δ BMI | 0.352 | 0.482* | -0.569* |
| Δ WC | 0.296 | 0.385 | -0.300 |
| Δ body fat ratio | 0.088 | 0.211 | 0.414 |
| Δ fat mass | 0.115 | 0.303 | 0.072 |
| Δ SBP | 0.400 | 0.475 | 0.039 |
| Δ DBP | 0.352 | 0.126 | 0.196 |
| Δ TC | 0.185 | 0.375 | 0.012 |
| Δ HDL-C | -0.349 | -0.421 | 0.093 |
| Δ TC/HDL-C | 0.232 | 0.552* | -0.130 |
| Δ LDL-C | -0.098 | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Δ TG | 0.601** | 0.677** | 0.118 |
| Δ Glucose | -0.209 | -0.319 | 0.384 |
| Δ Insulin | -0.034 | -0.189 | 0.966** |
| Δ HOMA | -0.007 | -0.174 | 1 |
| Women‡∥ | |||
| Δ body weight | -0.123 | 0.001 | 0.160 |
| Δ BMI | -0.149 | -0.050 | 0.148 |
| Δ WC | -0.140 | -0.146 | -0.186 |
| Δ body fat ratio | -0.149 | -0.179 | 0.115 |
| Δ fat mass | -0.167 | -0.131 | 0.180 |
| Δ SBP | 0.060 | 0.200 | 0.064 |
| Δ DBP | 0.211 | 0.442* | 0.085 |
| Δ TC | -0.038 | -0.038 | 0.067 |
| Δ HDL-C | 0.057 | -0.063 | -0.036 |
| Δ TC/HDL-C | -0.075 | 0.036 | 0.081 |
| Δ LDL-C | -0.080 | -0.137 | 0.083 |
| Δ TG | 0.029 | 0.260 | 0.106 |
| Δ Glucose | -0.082 | 0.072 | 0.614** |
| Δ Insulin | 0.394 | 0.449* | 0.975** |
| Δ HOMA | 0.390 | 0.435* | 1 |
Δ: difference between the value at week-4 and the value at baseline, energy intake: daily energy intake obtained from food records, carbohydrate intake: daily amount of carbohydrate intake in grams obtained from food records, HOMA: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, BMI: body mass index, WC: waist circumference, SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, TC: total cholesterol, HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG: triglycerides, *p < 0.05 †Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient ‡Spearman's rank correlation coefficient §men were prescribed an 1800 kcal 100-gram (22% of daily energy from) carbohydrate diet ∥women were prescribed a 1400 kcal 75-gram (21% of daily energy from) carbohydrate diet