Table 5.
All-cause Cox proportional hazard survival models, unadjusted and propensity score (PS) adjusted*
| Variable label | Unadjusted |
PS adjusted (IPTW) |
PS adjusted (SMRW) |
|||
| HR (95% CI) | P† | HR (95% CI) | P† | HR (95% CI) | P† | |
| Conservative management vs radical prostatectomy | 1.467 (1.351 to 1.594) | <.001 | 1.537 (1.46 to 1.618) | <.001 | 1.457 (1.332 to 1.593) | <.001 |
| Age at diagnosis 70–74 vs 66–69 y | 1.627 (1.508 to 1.756) | <.001 | 1.573 (1.494 to 1.657) | <.001 | 1.573 (1.432 to 1.727) | <.001 |
| Black non-Hispanic vs white non-Hispanic | 1.293 (1.163 to 1.438) | <.001 | 1.365 (1.269 to 1.468) | <.001 | 1.37 (1.227 to 1.53) | <.001 |
| Hispanic vs white non-Hispanic | 0.946 (0.81 to 1.104) | 0.479 | 0.924 (0.829 to 1.031) | .158 | 0.978 (0.802 to 1.193) | .828 |
| Other race vs white non-Hispanic | 0.667 (0.553 to 0.805) | <.001 | 0.708 (0.623 to 0.805) | <.001 | 0.615 (0.497 to 0.761) | <.001 |
| Married vs single | 0.701 (0.646 to 0.761) | <.001 | 0.743 (0.702 to 0.786) | <.001 | 0.73 (0.667 to 0.8) | <.001 |
| Stage T2 vs T1 | 0.955 (0.884 to 1.032) | .242 | 0.995 (0.944 to 1.05) | .865 | 0.947 (0.865 to 1.037) | .242 |
| Grade moderately differentiated vs well differentiated | 0.888 (0.786 to 1.003) | .057 | 0.885 (0.813 to 0.963) | .005 | 0.893 (0.778 to 1.024) | .105 |
| Grade poorly differentiated vs well differentiated | 1.348 (1.172 to 1.55) | <.001 | 1.46 (1.326 to 1.607) | <.001 | 1.458 (1.234 to 1.722) | <.001 |
| Grade unknown vs well differentiated | 0.94 (0.75 to 1.179) | .594 | 0.911 (0.775 to 1.072) | .261 | 0.921 (0.749 to 1.131) | .431 |
| NCI comorbidity index of 0 vs unknown | 0.701 (0.507 to 0.968) | .031 | 0.626 (0.505 to 0.776) | <.001 | 0.661 (0.474 to 0.922) | .015 |
| NCI comorbidity index of 1 vs unknown | 1.144 (0.817 to 1.601) | .435 | 1.046 (0.836 to 1.309) | .695 | 1.034 (0.725 to 1.473) | .855 |
| NCI comorbidity index of ≥2 vs unknown | 1.897 (1.36 to 2.646) | <.001 | 1.593 (1.275 to 1.989) | <.001 | 1.695 (1.198 to 2.398) | .003 |
| Inflation-adjusted reimbursement in the year before diagnosis (2003 prices) | 1 (1 to 1) | <.001 | 1 (1 to 1) | <.001 | 1 (1 to 1) | <.001 |
| Any inpatient, outpatient, or carrier claims in year before diagnosis vs no claims | 1.118 (0.798 to 1.567) | .515 | 1.295 (1.033 to 1.625) | .025 | 1.213 (0.864 to 1.704) | .265 |
| Diagnosed in 1997 vs 1996 | 1.118 (0.993 to 1.259) | .065 | 1.147 (1.055 to 1.246) | .001 | 1.164 (1.009 to 1.342) | .037 |
| Diagnosed in 1998 vs 1996 | 0.921 (0.807 to 1.052) | .226 | 0.87 (0.794 to 0.953) | .003 | 0.921 (0.787 to 1.077) | .302 |
| Diagnosed in 1999 vs 1996 | 0.923 (0.799 to 1.066) | .277 | 0.889 (0.806 to 0.982) | .020 | 0.862 (0.722 to 1.03) | .102 |
| Diagnosed in 2000 vs 1996 | 0.971 (0.829 to 1.138) | .719 | 0.902 (0.809 to 1.006) | .063 | 0.932 (0.771 to 1.127) | .468 |
| Diagnosed in 2001 vs 1996 | 0.839 (0.727 to 0.967) | .016 | 0.783 (0.711 to 0.863) | <.001 | 0.824 (0.696 to 0.976) | .025 |
| Diagnosed in 2002 vs 1996 | 0.799 (0.683 to 0.936) | .005 | 0.755 (0.679 to 0.839) | <.001 | 0.769 (0.637 to 0.929) | .007 |
| Diagnosed in 2003 vs 1996 | 0.676 (0.562 to 0.814) | <.001 | 0.633 (0.56 to 0.717) | <.001 | 0.656 (0.524 to 0.82) | <.001 |
*
CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; IPTW = inverse probability of treatment weights; NCI = National Cancer Institute; SMRW = standardized mortality ratio weights.
†
A two-sided Wald χ2 test was used.