Table 2.
Distribution of patient and prostate tumor characteristics in men who received gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist treatment, orchiectomy, or no androgen deprivation over study follow-up
| Characteristic | No. | Exposure to androgen deprivation over study follow-up |
||
| None, % | GnRH agonist therapy, % | Orchiectomy, % | ||
| Total | 107 859 | 51 958 | 50 097 | 5804 |
| Age, y* | ||||
| 67–69 | 19 899 | 23.3 | 14.5 | 9.3 |
| 70–74 | 36 413 | 37.0 | 31.7 | 22.8 |
| 75–79 | 28 708 | 23.7 | 29.4 | 28.3 |
| ≥80 | 22 839 | 16.0 | 24.4 | 39.7 |
| Race | ||||
| White | 86 524 | 80.9 | 79.6 | 80.3 |
| Black | 10 286 | 10.0 | 9.2 | 8.4 |
| Hispanic | 4598 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 5.6 |
| Other or unknown | 6451 | 5.2 | 6.9 | 5.8 |
| Married | ||||
| No | 34 428 | 30.2 | 33.5 | 33.8 |
| Yes | 73 431 | 69.8 | 66.5 | 66.2 |
| Prostate tumor grade† | ||||
| Well differentiated | 9013 | 11.6 | 5.3 | 5.8 |
| Moderately differentiated | 66 389 | 67.5 | 57.6 | 41.7 |
| Poorly differentiated or undifferentiated | 24 268 | 13.1 | 30.0 | 41.6 |
| Unknown | 8189 | 7.7 | 7.1 | 10.9 |
| Prostate tumor clinical stage‡ | ||||
| T1 | 32 925 | 36.0 | 26.8 | 14.4 |
| T2 | 56 458 | 52.2 | 54.0 | 39.6 |
| T3 | 4126 | 2.9 | 4.4 | 7.6 |
| T4 | 6248 | 2.2 | 7.0 | 27.6 |
| Unknown | 8102 | 6.7 | 7.9 | 10.8 |
| Zip code education, % of adults with <12 y education | ||||
| <9.4 | 25 710 | 25.3 | 22.9 | 18.8 |
| 8.4 to <14.8 | 26 305 | 24.2 | 24.4 | 26.0 |
| 14.8–23.5 | 25 778 | 23.6 | 24.0 | 25.4 |
| ≥23.5 | 25 739 | 22.8 | 24.8 | 25.5 |
| Unknown | 4327 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 4.2 |
| Zip code median income | ||||
| <$36 000 | 27 065 | 24.3 | 25.3 | 30.4 |
| $36 000 to <$46 000 | 23 889 | 22.1 | 21.9 | 24.8 |
| $46 000 to <$60 000 | 25 897 | 24.5 | 23.6 | 22.5 |
| ≥$60 000 | 26 681 | 25.0 | 25.3 | 18.0 |
| Unknown | 4327 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 4.2 |
| Comorbidity index | ||||
| 0 | 79 412 | 81.5 | 78.9 | 78.5 |
| 1 | 19 388 | 12.3 | 14.1 | 14.3 |
| 2 | 6001 | 4.0 | 4.8 | 2.8 |
| ≥3 | 3058 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.6 |
| Diabetes mellitus in the period 24 mo before diagnosis | ||||
| No | 90 412 | 84.7 | 82.6 | 86.5 |
| Yes | 17 447 | 15.3 | 17.4 | 13.5 |
| Obesity in the period 24 mo before diagnosis | ||||
| No | 105 156 | 97.7 | 97.2 | 98.6 |
| Yes | 2703 | 2.3 | 2.8 | 1.4 |
| Number of primary care physician visits in the period 12–24 mo before diagnosis | ||||
| 0 | 41 231 | 40.0 | 35.4 | 46.9 |
| 1 | 15 031 | 14.3 | 13.6 | 13.3 |
| 2 | 12 427 | 11.7 | 11.5 | 10.0 |
| ≥3 | 39 170 | 33.9 | 39.5 | 29.9 |
| Lower gastrointestinal endoscopy in the period 12–24 mo before diagnosis | ||||
| No | 101 182 | 93.4 | 93.9 | 96.3 |
| Yes | 6677 | 6.6 | 6.1 | 3.7 |
*
Patients with androgen deprivation (any form) were older than those without (P <.001, two-sided t test).
†
Patients with androgen deprivation (any form) were more likely to have poorly differentiated or undifferentiated tumors (P < .001, two-sided χ2 test).
‡
Patients with androgen deprivation (any form) were more likely to have stage T4 tumors than those without (P < .001, two-sided χ2 test).