Hybrid FMT/PET-CT imaging using multimodal NIRF nanoprobes. (a) The scheme shows nanoplatform-based (Dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, CLIO) nanoprobes containing radionuclides, NIR fluorochromes (e.g. VT680) and affinity ligands, such as peptides and small molecules. (b) The three-dimensional reconstruction of CT, FMT and PET dataset after injection of 18Fluorine-CLIO-VT680 into a control mouse. Signals are predominantly seen in the liver and spleen. (c) Comparison of FMT-CT, PET-CT and FMT/PET-CT reconstructions in a representative mouse with bilateral flank tumors showing correlation of spatial distribution and the amplitude of signals. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [91]. Copyright 2010, the National Academy of Sciences.