Figure 3 Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) during emotional arousal and cognitive stimuli

(A) Beat-to-beat BP and HR in a patient with familial dysautonomia (FD) who received an unexpected phone call from a friend. Her BP and HR rose in parallel. She was then tilted to the upright position (min 1). BP initially fell, but quickly rose again. (B) BP and HR in a boy with FD during an argument with his mother. (C) BP and HR in a patient with FD when the study nurse enters the room to draw blood. (D) Changes in BP and HR in patients with FD, pure autonomic failure (PAF), and normal controls induced by a cognitive stimulus (mental arithmetic).