TABLE 2.

Fasting plasma metabolite concentrations in control subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes before and after weight loss

	Control	P value, control vs. before weight loss	Before weight loss	After weight loss	P value, before vs. after weight loss
n	10		8	8
Glucose (mmol/l)	4.9 ± 0.2	<0.0001	8.8 ± 0.5	6.4 ± 0.3	0.00037
Insulin (pmol/l)	60 ± 6	NS	174 ± 48	66 ± 6	0.03
C-peptide (pmol/l)	ND	ND	1.14 ± 0.36	0.73 ± 0.06	NS
Glucagon (pg/ml)	57 ± 6	NS	77 ± 7	58 ± 6	0.02
Cortisol (μg/dl)	19 ± 3	NS	16 ± 1	12 ± 2	NS
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	168 ± 8	NS	202 ± 18	177 ± 17	<0.05
HDL (mg/dl)	57 ± 3	NS	40 ± 2	36 ± 3	NS
LDL (mg/dl)	91 ± 5	NS	119 ± 17	102 ± 10	NS
Triglycerides (mg/dl)	104 ± 16	0.01	212 ± 38	187 ± 58	NS
Free fatty acids (mmol/l)	0.49 ± 0.07	NS	0.49 ± 0.05	0.49 ± 0.05	NS
Leptin (pg/ml)	4.9 ± 1.0	NS	11.9 ± 2.5	7.5 ± 1.9	0.01
Resistin (ng/ml)	25.5 ± 1.4	NS	24.5 ± 2.5	21.8 ± 1.7	NS
IL-6 (pg/ml)	ND	ND	0.49 ± 0.16	0.81 ± 0.29	NS
Adiponectin (μg/ml)	14.3 ± 2.0	0.00146	5.8 ± 1.1	5.1 ± 0.6	NS
TNF-α (pg/ml)	ND	ND	1.524 ± 0.071	1.347 ± 0.047	0.03

Data are means ± SE.