Figure 3. The inhibitory effect of 17-O-acetylacuminolide (AA) on TNF production in RAW264.7 cells.

Cells were pretreated with the indicated doses of AA, or the TNF inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX). The cells were stimulated with LPS (1 µgmL⁻¹) for four hours, or were left untreated (DMEM).The protein concentration was measured using ELISA. Data is representative of three independent experiments, and was analyzed using one way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test (** p<0.01, *** p<0.001).