Figure 4. The inhibitory effect of 17-O-acetylacuminolide (AA) on cytokine release and synthesis in RAW264.7 cells.

Cells were pretreated with the indicated doses of AA. The cells were stimulated with LPS (1 µgmL⁻¹) for 4 hrs, or were left untreated (DMEM). Supernatant (A) and intracellular (B) protein concentrations were measured using Procarta 5-plex cytokine profiling kit from which inhibitions were calculated. Data is representative of three independent experiments, and was analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test (* p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001).