Table 6.
Study group (SG) participation level and student performance in spring
| Spring variables | Mean scores by SG attendance level |
Effects (p values)b |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No SG (n = 37) | SG: 1 (n = 36) | SG: 2+ (n = 17) | 0 vs. 1 | 0 vs. 2+ | 1 vs. 2+ | |
| Course% | 77.581 | 84.902 | 87.273 | <0.001* | <0.001* | 0.572 |
| Final exam% | 69.384 | 77.176 | 78.712 | <0.001* | <0.001* | 1.000 |
| MC%a | 71.335 | 78.641 | 78.146 | <0.001* | <0.001* | 1.000 |
| Essay% | 67.430 | 75.869 | 79.858 | <0.001* | <0.001* | 0.230 |
| Level 1 + 2% | 77.225 | 84.400 | 87.322 | 0.002* | <0.001* | 0.478 |
| Level 3+% | 52.442 | 62.062 | 67.076 | 0.010* | 0.001* | 0.406 |
Estimated marginal means of study group participants (1: attended one; 2+: attended two or more) and nonparticipants (0) on course and final exam scores after controlling for GPA (covariate).
a MC data were SQRT transformed before ANCOVA, and estimated marginal means were back-transformed.
b Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons.
* Significant at p < 0.05. All scores showed significant study group effects (after removing GPA influence), and all study group effects were significant after the first study group.