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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Anal Chem. 2010 Nov 9;82(23):9812–9817. doi: 10.1021/ac102065f

Figure 1. Biosynthetic pathway for production of glutathione from glutamine.

Figure 1

In nutrient-rich growth medium containing glutmate, glutamine is imported and converted to glutamate or protein (BM = rate of biomass production). Glutamate, a metabolic hub, can be used to produce protein and other cellular metabolites (CM) as well as glutathione. Metabolite fluxes are represented as F1, F2, F3, and F4.