Table 4.

Adjusted associations for TGF-α expression (staining optical density) in the normal-appearing rectal mucosa of incident sporadic colorectal adenoma cases and controls, MAP II

Case* (n = 29)	Control* (n = 31)	Prop diff (%)†	Pdiff‡	Odds ratio§ (95% CI)	Model covariates‖
1.10 (0.14)	0.80 (0.14)	37.5	0.14	2.26 (0.91–5.64)	NSAID use
1.22 (0.14)	0.74 (0.14)	64.9	0.02	2.83 (1.11–7.24)	Total energy intake
1.41 (0.17)	0.88 (0.15)	60.2	0.01	3.00 (1.17–7.70)	Family history of CRC
1.39 (0.16)	0.84 (0.15)	65.5	0.01	3.75 (1.18–11.98)	NSAID use, energy, family history of CRC

NOTE: Adjusted for risk factors or potential confounders (Table 1, Table 3). Batch standardized as individual value divided by batch mean; full crypt values.

^*Mean staining densities and SEs.

^†Difference between means (cases − controls) divided by mean in controls × 100%.

^‡Difference P value for comparison of means (analysis of covariance).

^§Association between TGF-α expression (as a continuous variable) and adenoma (relative odds of being a case).

^‖All estimates adjusted for age and sex and other covariates as specified; total energy intake modeled as a continuous variable.