Table 4.
Current taxonomy and nomenclature of the genus Salmonella. Habitat and pathogenicity of main serovarsa.
| Species | Sub-species | Main serovars (from a total of ca. 1,443) | Habitat and pathogenicity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Salmonella enterica | Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica | Abortusovis | Pathogenic to sheeps. |
| Choleraesuis | Pathogenic to humans and animals. | ||
| Enteritidis | Ubiquitous and frequently the cause of infections in humans and animals. Very frequent agent of gastroenteritis in humans. | ||
| Gallinarum | Isolated chiefly from chickens and other birds. Causal agent of fowl thyphoid. | ||
| Paratyphi A | Pathogenic only to humans. Causes paratyphoid fever. | ||
| Paratyphi B | Causes paratyphoid fever in humans and very rarely infects animals. | ||
| Paratyphi C | Causes paratyphoid fever in humans. | ||
| Typhi | Pathogenic only to humans, causing typhoid fever. | ||
| Transmitted by water and food contaminated with feces. | |||
| Typhimurium | Ubiquitous and frequently the cause of infections in humans and animals. Very frequently, the causal agent of gastroenteritis in humans. | ||
| Typhisuis | Pathogenic to swines. | ||
| Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae | At least 94 serovars. | ||
| Salmonella enterica subsp. diarizonae | At least 323 serovars. | ||
| Salmonella enterica subsp. houtenae | At least 70 serovars. | Isolated mainly from cold-blooded animals and from the environment. Not pathogenic to humans. | |
| Salmonella enterica subsp. indica | At least 11 serovars. | ||
| Salmonella enterica subsp. salamae | At least 488 serovars. | ||
| Salmonella bongori | At least 20 serovars. |