Fig. 5.

Effect of TBOA on [Na⁺]_i and cell death after L-glutamate. Sodium-dependent glutamate uptake was inhibited with 100 nM TBOA before and during L-glutamate application. [Na⁺]_i was measured with ratiometric live cell fluorescent imaging of SBFI-AM in cultured astrocytes. Pre-glutamate application of TBOA reduced glutamate-induced increases in [Na⁺]_i after 100 μM (A) and 1 mM (B). TBOA significantly reduced cell death in the 1 mM condition (C). A,B: *, TBOA application significantly reduced [Na⁺]_i versus glutamate level at time-point specified; +, [Na⁺]_i significantly reduced over glutamate level at all time-points measured (n = 3 separate experiments). Data in non-TBOA conditions are from Fig. 1.