Table 6.
Likelihood of having depression according to vitamin D status in study population: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey¹
| Characteristic | Major depression OR (95% CI) (n = 7877) |
Depression >2 y OR (95% CI) (n = 7970) |
Current depression OR (95% CI) (n = 1221) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted analysis for serum vitamin D | |||
| Deficient (<50 nmol/L) | 0.95 (0.65 - 1.37) | 1.43 (1.09 - 1.86) | 2.01 (1.25 - 3.24) |
| Insufficient (50-75 nmol/L) | 0.92 (0.66 - 1.26) | 1.07 (0.78 - 1.46) | 0.75 (0.44 - 1.27) |
| Sufficient (>75 nmol/L) 2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| P-Value 3 | 0.86 | 0.022 | <0.001 |
| Multivariate adjusted analysis for serum vitamin D 4 | |||
| Deficient (<50 nmol/L) | 1.17 (0.71 - 1.90) | 0.84 (0.57 - 1.23) | 1.85 (0.90 - 3.81) |
| Insufficient (50-75 nmol/L) | 0.93 (0.62 - 1.40) | 0.77 (0.53 - 1.13) | 0.70 (0.38 - 1.29) |
| Sufficient (>75 nmol/L) 2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| P-Value 3 | 0.60 | 0.39 | 0.021 |
1Depression was assessed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule developed by the National Institute of Mental Health. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals from the logistic regression analysis
2 Referent category
3 Significance for the Wald F in the multivariate logistic regression
4 Logistic regression analysis was adjusted for sex, race-ethnicity, age, geographical location, urbanization, vitamin/mineral supplement use, prescription medicine use, poverty income ratio, body mass index, and serum creatinine