(A-D) IF of DMRT1 and SOHLH1 in adult testis sections. Control spermatogonia are double-positive (A,C), and mutant spermatogonia are double-negative (B,D). Cells positive for DMRT1 alone are Sertoli cells. Scale bars: 20 microns. (E,F) Binding of DMRT1 to Sohlh1 promoter in vivo. (E) ChIP-chip at P9 (Murphy et al., 2010) detects DMRT1 bound at the Sohlh1 promoter. Black dot: DMRT1 consensus DNA binding site, sequence shown at top of panel aligned to in vivo-derived DNA binding consensus. (F) DMRT1 binds Sohlh1 in both germ cells and Sertoli cells. GCKO: Deletion of Dmrt1 in spermatogonia. SCKO: deletion of Dmrt1 in Sertoli cells. B2m is negative control promoter. Error bars: SD. (G) Model for control by DMRT1 of spermatogonial development and meiosis. Solid lines indicate direct transcriptional control and dashed lines indicate undefined regulatory interactions.