Table 3.
Prevalence of VM Supplement Use Among 10 828 Children and Adolescents by Physical Activity and Nutrition Characteristics, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, United States, 1999–2004
| Characteristic | VM Users, % (SE) | P Value |
|---|---|---|
| Walked or bicycled over past 30 d (age ≥12 y) | ||
| Yes | 25.8 (1.4) | .38 |
| No | 27.6 (1.3) | |
| Vigorous activity over past 30 d (age ≥12 y) | ||
| Yes | 29.0 (1.0) | .001a |
| No | 20.5 (2.1) | |
| Moderate activity over past 30 d (age ≥12 y) | ||
| Yes | 28.0 (1.2) | .10 |
| No | 24.4 (1.6) | |
| No. of times/wk play or exercise hard (age 2–11 y) |
||
| <7 | 38.5 (1.8) | .66 |
| ≥7 | 39.4 (2.0) | |
| Compare activity with others the same age (age ≥12 y) |
||
| More active | 30.6 (1.6) | .02a |
| Less active | 26.4 (2.5) | |
| About the same | 24.8 (1.1) | |
| No. of hours/d of television, video, or computer use |
||
| ≤2 | 38.2 (1.6) | <.001a |
| >2 | 30.2 (1.2) | |
| No. of times/wk eat restaurant food | ||
| Never/less than weekly | 29.3 (2.0) | .001a |
| ≥1 | 35.9 (1.2) | |
| No. of times/mo eat dark-green vegetables (2001–2002 only) |
||
| Never/less than monthly | 37.6 (2.6) | .10 |
| 1–4 | 38.2 (3.1) | |
| 5–8 | 35.1 (4.3) | |
| 9–13 | 32.1 (2.9) | |
| 14–29 | 40.4 (4.1) | |
| ≥30 | 39.4 (3.1) | |
| Past 30-d milk product consumption | ||
| Never/rarely | 26.3 (2.7) | .006a |
| Sometimes | 29.9 (1.9) | |
| Often | 35.5 (1.3) | |
| Energy intake | ||
| Lower tercile | 34.8 (1.6) | .32 |
| Middle tercile | 34.8 (1.5) | |
| Upper tercile | 32.8 (1.2) | |
| Protein intake | ||
| Lower tercile | 33.2 (1.7) | .16 |
| Middle tercile | 36.0 (1.5) | |
| Upper tercile | 33.2 (1.2) | |
| Carbohydrate intake | ||
| Lower tercile | 32.7 (1.8) | .45 |
| Middle tercile | 34.7 (1.5) | |
| Upper tercile | 35.0 (1.5) | |
| Total sugar intake (2001–2004 only) | ||
| Lower tercile | 34.5 (2.0) | .72 |
| Middle tercile | 35.7 (2.1) | |
| Upper tercile | 36.0 (1.6) | |
| Dietary fiber intake | ||
| Lower tercile | 31.5 (1.5) | .04a |
| Middle tercile | 34.6 (1.8) | |
| Upper tercile | 36.4 (1.5) | |
| Total fat intake | ||
| Lower tercile | 36.4 (1.6) | .04a |
| Middle tercile | 34.0 (1.7) | |
| Upper tercile | 32.1 (1.3) | |
| Total saturated fat intake | ||
| Lower tercile | 34.7 (1.7) | .46 |
| Middle tercile | 34.9 (1.4) | |
| Upper tercile | 32.8 (1.6) | |
| Cholesterol intake | ||
| Lower tercile | 35.3 (1.8) | .03a |
| Middle tercile | 35.4 (1.5) | |
| Upper tercile | 31.7 (1.2) | |
| Vitamin A intake (RAE) (2001–2004 only) | ||
| Lower tercile | 28.3 (1.9) | <.001a |
| Middle tercile | 37.3 (2.2) | |
| Upper tercile | 40.6 (2.0) | |
| Thiamine intake | ||
| Lower tercile | 32.0 (1.6) | .02a |
| Middle tercile | 36.3 (1.6) | |
| Upper tercile | 34.1 (1.4) | |
| Riboflavin intake | ||
| Lower tercile | 28.6 (1.5) | <.001a |
| Middle tercile | 36.2 (1.7) | |
| Upper tercile | 37.7 (1.4) | |
| Niacin intake | ||
| Lower tercile | 32.6 (1.7) | .18 |
| Middle tercile | 35.6 (1.4) | |
| Upper tercile | 34.3 (1.4) | |
| Vitamin B6 intake | ||
| Lower tercile | 32.1 (1.7) | .10 |
| Middle tercile | 35.8 (1.4) | |
| Upper tercile | 34.5 (1.3) | |
| Folic acid intake (2001–2004 only) | ||
| Lower tercile | 33.9 (2.2) | .34 |
| Middle tercile | 35.6 (2.1) | |
| Upper tercile | 36.8 (1.9) | |
| Vitamin B12 intake | ||
| Lower tercile | 31.5 (1.3) | .008a |
| Middle tercile | 34.1 (1.9) | |
| Upper tercile | 36.9 (1.4) | |
| Vitamin C intake | ||
| Lower tercile | 31.0 (1.7) | .02a |
| Middle tercile | 35.9 (1.3) | |
| Upper tercile | 35.6 (1.6) | |
| Calcium intake | ||
| Lower tercile | 28.5 (1.6) | <.001a |
| Middle tercile | 36.4 (1.5) | |
| Upper tercile | 37.5 (1.6) | |
| Iron intake | ||
| Lower tercile | 32.1 (1.6) | .06 |
| Middle tercile | 36.1 (1.6) | |
| Upper tercile | 34.2 (1.3) | |
| Zinc intake | ||
| Lower tercile | 32.4 (1.6) | .07 |
| Middle tercile | 36.1 (1.4) | |
| Upper tercile | 33.9 (1.4) |
Abbreviations: RAE, retinol activity equivalents; VM, vitamin and mineral.
a
Statistically significant.