Table 2.
Result of review of eight cohort studies. All specific malformations found in literature review were classified to 75 malformation subgroups; 49 subgroups had at least one case and five (shown here) showed significant increased prevalence compared with EUROCAT population. Figures are numbers of cases (prevalence per 1000 registrations)
| Literature (n=2680) | EUROCAT* (n=3 869 947) | P value† | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anomalous pulmonary venous return | 2 (0.75) | 134 (0.03) | <0.001 |
| Cleft lip, with or without palate | 7 (2.61) | 3634 (0.94) | 0.012 |
| Diaphragmatic hernia | 3 (1.12) | 766 (0.20) | 0.007 |
| Hypospadias | 12 (4.48) | 5418 (1.40) | <0.001 |
| Spina bifida | 6 (2.24) | 1933 (0.50) | <0.001 |
*Excluding registrations of chromosomal malformations and malformations with reported exposure to antiepileptic drugs.
†Calculated with χ2 test with Yates’s correction.