Table 3.
Exposure to antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy recorded among registrations of congenital malformations (cases and controls). Figures are numbers of cases (prevalence per 1000 registrations)
| Non-chromosomal cases under study* (n=11 790) | Control group 1† (n=69 883) | Control group 2‡ (n=11 763) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Any antiepileptic drug | 129 (10.9) | 349 (5.0) | 38 (3.2) |
| Any antiepileptic drug monotherapy | 104 (8.8) | 282 (4.0) | 32 (2.7) |
| Valproic acid monotherapy | 66 (5.6) | 102 (1.5) | 13 (1.1) |
| Carbamazepine monotherapy | 16 (1.4) | 105 (1.5) | 10 (0.9) |
| Other monotherapy | 22§ (1.9) | 75¶ (1.1) | 9** (0.8) |
*All cases with anomalous pulmonary venous return, cleft lip (with or without palate), diaphragmatic hernia, hypospadias, or spina bifida.
†Non-chromosomal malformations, excluding malformations under study.
‡All chromosomal malformations.
§Phenobarbital (9), lamotrigine (5), clonazepam (3), levetriacetam (2), unspecified antiepileptic drugs (3).
¶Lamotrigine (33), phenobarbital (15), oxcarbazepine (10), phenytoin (5), clonazepam (3), primidon (3), methylphenobarbital (2), topiramate (2), ethosuximide (1), unspecified (1).
**Phenobarbital (4), lamotrigine (2), clonazepam (1), oxcarbamazepine (1), phenytoin (1).