Table 3.
Patient Characteristics and Outcomes, Resistant vs. Non-Resistant Pathogens, for All Intra-Abdominal Infections
| Resistant pathogens1(N = 493) | Non-resistant pathogens (N = 689) | Odds ratio | 95% CI or p value2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Male (%) | 275 (55.8) | 384 (55.7) | 0.99 | 0.79, 1.26 |
| Age (years) | 52.9 ± 0.62 | 54.1 ± 0.68 | 0.22 | |
| APACHE II score3 | 14.9 ± 0.34 | 12.2 ± 0.28 | <0.0001 | |
| Health care-associated (%) | 388 (78.7) | 399 (57.9) | 2.70 | 2.06, 3.50 |
| In intensive care unit (%) | 95 (19.3) | 66 (9.6) | 2.25 | 1.60, 3.16 |
| Days from admission to treatment | 10.6 ± 0.90 | 5.0 ± 0.42 | <0.0001 | |
| Maximum temperature, °C | 37.8 ± 0.081 | 37.9 ± 0.046 | 0.41 | |
| Maximum white blood cell count (1,000/mm3) | 16.2 ± 0.44 | 16.1 ± 0.32 | 0.78 | |
| Medical conditions (%) | ||||
| Current corticosteroid use | 147 (29.8) | 140 (20.3) | 1.67 | 1.27, 2.18 |
| Solid organ transplant | 107 (21.7) | 105 (15.2) | 1.54 | 1.14, 2.07 |
| Liver transplant | 89 (18.1) | 83 (12.1) | 1.61 | 1.16, 2.23 |
| Kidney transplant | 17 (3.5) | 21 (3.1) | 1.14 | 0.59, 2.18 |
| Kidney/pancreas transplant | 10 (2.0) | 6 (0.87) | 2.36 | 0.85, 6.53 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 103 (20.9) | 157 (22.8) | 0.89 | 0.68, 1.19 |
| Cardiac disease | 87 (17.7) | 113 (16.4) | 1.09 | 0.80, 1.48 |
| Malignant disease | 63 (12.8) | 98 (14.2) | 0.88 | 0.63, 1.24 |
| Baseline pulmonary disease | 68 (13.8) | 59 (8.6) | 1.71 | 1.18, 2.47 |
| Ventilator dependence | 68 (13.8) | 48 (7.0) | 2.14 | 1.45, 3.15 |
| Liver disease | 59 (12.0) | 50 (7.3) | 1.74 | 1.17, 2.58 |
| Dialysis dependence | 47 (9.5) | 44 (6.4) | 1.55 | 1.00, 2.37 |
| Crohn's disease/UC | 33 (6.7) | 47 (6.8) | 0.98 | 0.62, 1.56 |
| Source of infection | ||||
| Stomach | 28 (5.7) | 21 (3.1) | 1.92 | 1.07, 3.41 |
| Duodenum | 34 (6.9) | 15 (2.2) | 3.33 | 1.79, 6.18 |
| Pancreas | 28 (5.7) | 44 (6.4) | 0.88 | 0.54, 1.44 |
| Liver/biliary | 136 (27.6) | 166 (24.1) | 1.20 | 0.92, 1.56 |
| Small bowel | 95 (19.3) | 119 (17.3) | 1.14 | 0.85, 1.54 |
| Appendix | 8 (1.6) | 61 (8.9) | 0.17 | 0.081, 0.35 |
| Colorectal | 124 (25.2) | 188 (27.3) | 0.90 | 0.69, 1.17 |
| Other/unknown | 40 (8.1) | 75 (10.9) | 0.73 | 0.48, 1.08 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Duration of antibiotic therapy (days) | 17.4 ± 0.90 | 14.0 ± 0.44 | 0.0008 | |
| Length of stay4 | 24.7 ± 1.3 | 15.4 ± 0.77 | <0.0001 | |
| In-hospital death (%) | 84 (17.0) | 59 (8.6) | 2.19 | 1.53, 3.13 |
1
Includes P. aeruginosa, S. maltophilia, Acinetobacter spp., methicillin-resistant S. aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, or any fungi.
2
Resistant pathogens/non-resistant pathogens; odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for categorical variables; p value by Student t-test for continuous variables.
3
At time of diagnosis of intra-abdominal infection.
4
From initiation of treatment for intra-abdominal infection.
APACHE = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; UC = ulcerative colitis.