Table 4.
Patient Characteristics and Outcomes, Resistant vs. Non-Resistant Pathogens, for All Intra-Abdominal Infections Excluding Patients with Solid Organ Allografts
| Resistant pathogens1(N = 371) | Non-resistant pathogens (N = 599) | Odds ratio | 95% CI or p value2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Male (%) | 275 (51.5) | 319 (53.3) | 0.93 | 0.72, 1.21 |
| Age (years) | 53.7 ± 0.8 | 54.1 ± 0.68 | 0.52 | |
| APACHE II score3 | 14.3 ± 0.4 | 12.2 ± 0.28 | <0.0001 | |
| Healthcare-associated (%) | 290 (78.2) | 329 (54.9) | 2.94 | 2.19, 3.94 |
| In intensive care unit (%) | 77 (20.8) | 50 (8.3) | 2.88 | 1.96, 4.22 |
| Days from admission to treatment | 9.9 ± 1.1 | 4.1 ± 0.4 | <0.0001 | |
| Maximum temperature, °C | 37.9 ± 0.1 | 37.9 ± 0.1 | 0.99 | |
| Maximum white blood cell count (1,000/mm3) | 16.0 ± 0.4 | 16.6 ± 0.3 | 0.23 | |
| Medical conditions (%) | ||||
| Current corticosteroid use | 53 (14.3) | 43 (7.2) | 2.12 | 1.38, 3.24 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 79 (21.3) | 126 (21.0) | 1.02 | 0.74, 1.40 |
| Cardiac disease | 63 (17.0) | 103 (17.2) | 0.99 | 0.70, 1.39 |
| Malignant disease | 52 (14.0) | 96, (16.0) | 0.85 | 0.59, 1.23 |
| Baseline pulmonary disease | 55 (14.8) | 58 (9.7) | 1.62 | 1.09, 2.41 |
| Ventilator dependence | 56 (15.1) | 41 (6.8) | 2.42 | 1.58, 3.70 |
| Liver disease | 20 (5.4) | 19 (3.2) | 1.74 | 0.92, 3.30 |
| Dialysis dependence | 30 (8.1) | 30 (5.0) | 1.67 | 0.99, 2.82 |
| Crohn's disease/UC | 30 (8.1) | 43 (7.2) | 1.14 | 0.70, 1.45 |
| Source of infection | ||||
| Stomach | 28 (7.5) | 21 (3.5) | 2.25 | 1.26, 4.02 |
| Duodenum | 34 (9.2) | 15 (2.5) | 3.91 | 2.11, 7.32 |
| Pancreas | 26 (7.0) | 40 (6.7) | 1.05 | 0.63, 1.76 |
| Liver/biliary | 53 (14.3) | 95 (15.9) | 0.88 | 0.61, 1.27 |
| Small bowel | 83 (22.4) | 111 (18.5) | 1.27 | 0.92, 1.74 |
| Appendix | 8 (2.2) | 60 (10.0) | 0.20 | 0.09, 0.42 |
| Colorectal | 113 (30.5) | 194 (32.4) | 0.91 | 0.69, 1.21 |
| Other/unknown | 26 (7.0) | 62 (10.4) | 0.65 | 0.40, 1.05 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Duration of antibiotic therapy (days) | 16.4 ± 0.6 | 13.2 ± 0.44 | <0.0001 | |
| Length of stay4 | 25.1 ± 1.6 | 14.9 ± 0.8 | <0.0001 | |
| In-hospital death (%) | 53 (14.3) | 50 (8.3) | 1.82 | 1.21, 2.75 |
1
Includes P. aeruginosa, S. maltophilia, Acinetobacter spp., methicillin-resistant S. aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, or any fungi.
2
Resistant pathogens/non-resistant pathogens; odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for categorical variables; p value by Student t-test for continuous variables.
3
At time of diagnosis of intra-abdominal infection.
4
From initiation of treatment for intra-abdominal infection.
APACHE = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; UC = ulcerative colitis.