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. 2010 Mar 26;11:201. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-201

Table 4.

The bear genes showing rapid evolution in bear lineage (CDS coverage ≥ 80%).

Gene Symbol P valuea Inline graphic Inline graphic CDS Coverage d Biological functionse
PNPLA4 0.001 0.145 0.649 0.984 Lipid catabolic process
CDC42SE1 0.001 0.0001 0.433 0.987 Signal transduction; Regulation of cell shape
CNPY2 0.002 0.027 0.402 1 Unknown
TMED2 0.011 0.006 0.211 1 Vesicle-mediated transport;
CSRP3 0.012 0.014 0.113 0.994 Regulation of the force of heart contraction; Cellular calcium ion homeostasis;
CHCHD1 0.016 0.144 4.156 0.991 Unknown
TNNI3 0.017 0.018 0.145 0.86 Cardiac muscle contraction; Regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by ischemic conditions; Cellular calcium ion homeostasis;
APOHL 0.018 0.226 0.506 0.962 Negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation; Triacylglycerol metabolic process; Blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway;
C1orf52 0.019 0.078 0.711 1 Unknown
PLNM 0.02 0.058 Inf* 0.981 Regulation of the force of heart contraction; Cellular calcium ion homeostasis; Blood circulation
C19orf39 0.021 0.301 0.948 0.925 Unknown
BPHL 0.024 0.127 0.314 0.859 Proteolysis; Response to toxin; Cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process
YIPF3 0.028 0.021 0.08 0.854 Cell differentiation
DR1 0.029 0.001 0.191 0.824 Negative regulation of transcription
RBM8AM 0.033 0.0001 0.068 0.821 RNA processing; mRNA binding
POLR2C 0.039 0.003 0.037 0.876 Transcription initiation
ATP6V1FH 0.042 0.009 Inf* 0.991 Ion transport; ATP synthesis coupled proton transport;
CISD2 0.043 0.011 0.15 1 Regulation of cellular respiration

ap-value calculated from the LRT under chi-squared distribution with df = 1.

b ω1 is the Ka/Ks value of the bear lineage; c ω0 is the average Ka/Ks value in the rest of lineages.

dThe coverage of protein coding region of bear EST using human RefSeq sequence as reference.

eBiological functions obtained from GO annotations.

* In these cases, the rate of synonymous substitution reaches zero (Ks = 0) and Ka/Ks diverges and represented as Inf here.

H, L, MThe gene shows significantly differential expression (P < 0.05, one-way ANOVA) in heart, liver, or skeletal muscle tissue respectively.