| Summary of Common Recommendations for Treatment of Low back pain |
| Acute or Subacute Pain |
| * Reassure patients (favourable prognosis). |
| * Advise to stay active. |
| * Prescribe medication if necessary (preferably time-contingent): first line is paracetamol; second line is nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, consider muscle relaxants, opioids or antidepressant and anticonvulsive medication (as co-medication for pain relief). |
| * Discourage bed rest. |
| * Do not advise a supervised exercise programme. |
| Chronic Pain |
| * Discourage use of modalities (such as ultrasound, electrotherapy) |
| * Short-term use of medication/manipulation |
| * Supervised exercise therapy |
| * Cognitive behavioural therapy |
| * Multidisciplinary treatment |
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