Table 2.
Mean dynamic torsion parameters (linear region stiffness K LR, neutral zone length L NZ, and hysteresis area A H) ±SEM
| Needle size | Pre-puncture | Post-puncture | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K LR (Nmm/°) | L NZ (°) | A H (Nmm°) | K LR (Nmm/°) | L NZ (°) | A H (Nmm°) | |
| Control | 2.0 ± 0.10 | 12 ± 0.40 | 8.9 ± 1.0 | 2.3 ± 0.15 | 10 ± 0.49 | 16 ± 2.0 |
| 30 G | 1.8 ± 0.17 | 12 ± 0.47 | 7.7 ± 1.5 | 2.0 ± 0.17 | 10 ± 0.40 | 18 ± 1.9 |
| 25 G | 1.9 ± 0.17 | 12 ± 0.58 | 8.1 ± 1.1 | 1.7 ± 0.14+ | 11 ± 0.55 | 13 ± 1.9 |
| 21 G | 1.7 ± 0.14 | 13 ± 0.72 | 6.5 ± 1.1 | 1.4 ± 0.12 + | 12 ± 0.54 | 9 ± 1.4+ |
Bold numbers indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) between T1 and T2, and + indicates significant (p < 0.017) difference between punctured and control specimens