Table 4.

ROR for hepatic injury by therapeutic class^*

Therapeutic classes	ATC code (II level)	Number of cases (% on 6595)	Drug	Adjusted† RORs within therapeutic class (95% CI)
Antiepileptics	N03	762 (12)	Sulthiame	3.6 (1.6, 7.9)
			Ethosuximide	2.8 (1.6, 4.9)
			Phenobarbital	2.0 (1.4, 2.9)
			Valproic acid	1.5 (1.3, 1.8)
			Carbamazepine	1.3 (1.0, 1.5)
Antibacterials	J01	742 (11)	Aztreonam	5.9 (2.2, 15.4)
			Loracarbef	3.9 (1.5, 10.1)
			Erythromycin	3.4 (1.2, 10.0)
			Ceftriaxone	3.1 (2.5, 3.8)
			Josamycin	2.9 (1.5, 5.7)
			Minocycline	2.7 (2.1, 3.6)
Analgesics	N02	472 (7)	Paracetamol	5.6 (4.5, 6.9)
			Paracetamol/hydrocodone	1.8 (1.1, 3.0)
Psychoanaleptics	N06	457 (7)	Pemoline‡	30.7 (23.3, 40.6)
			Nefazodone	7.3 (4.3, 12.4)
			Atomoxetine	1.7 (1.3, 2.3)
Antineoplastics	L01	421 (6)	Mercaptopurine	4.2 (3.0, 6.0)
			Gemtuzumab	4.2 (2.9, 5.9)
			Tioguanine	3.9 (2.7, 5.7)
			Methotrexate	3.2 (2.0, 5.3)
Antivirals	J05	397 (6)	Atazanavir	21.5 (11.3, 41.0)
			Emtricitabine	6.4 (2.0, 21.0)
			Lamivudine	1.7 (1.3, 2.4)
			Zidovudine	1.5 (1.1, 1.9)
Psycholeptics	N05	287 (4)	Chlorprothixene	4.8 (1.6, 14.2)
			Olanzapine	3.5 (2.6, 4.7)
Immunosuppressants	L04	251 (4)	Basiliximab	2.6 (1.6, 4.2)
			Ciclosporin	1.4 (1.0, 1.9)
Antimycobacterials	J04	120 (2)	Pyrazinamide	2.3 (1.2, 4.4)
			Isoniazid	2.1 (1.3, 3.2)
Sex hormones	G03	115 (2)	Norethisterone/ethinylestradiol	24.5 (6.4, 93.6)
			Estradiol	6.7 (2.0, 22.1)
			Norethisterone	5.8 (2.5, 13.5)
			Ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel	2.1 (1.4, 3.2)
Antimycotics	J02	107 (2)	Voriconazole	1.9 (1.2, 3.0)

For each therapeutic class, only those drugs with statistically significant adjusted RORs for hepatic injury have been reported.

^*Only therapeutic classes with at least 100 cases have been considered in this analysis.

^†Adjusted for age, gender, country of reporting and type of reporter.

^‡Drug withdrawal from the market because of hepatotoxicity.