TABLE 4.

Joint effect of cigarette smoking with alcohol consumption on mortality in the husband cohort, Shanghai, China, 1996–2000.

Cigarette smoking	Alcohol consumption
	Never	Moderate (1–21 drinks per week)	Heavy (=22 drinks per week)
	Overall mortality
Never
Number of deaths	739	95	16
Person-years of follow-up	95789	17097	2086
Multivariate hazard ratios	1.0	0.8(0.6, 1.0)	1.0(0.6, 1.6)
Moderate (<20 cigarettes per day)
Number of deaths	427	163	49
Person-years of follow-up	60518	32316	5988
Multivariate hazard ratios	1.3 (1.1, 1.4)	1.0(0.9, 1.2)	1.7(1.2, 2.2)
Heavy (=20 cigarettes per day)
Number of deaths	443	184	112
Person-years of follow-up	42191	24966	11134
Multivariate hazard ratios	1.7(1.5, 2.0)	1.4(1.2, 1.7)	1.9(1.6, 2.4)
	Cancer-related death
Never
Number of deaths	235	42	7
Person-years of follow-up	95789	17097	2086
Multivariate hazard ratios	1.0	1.0(0.7, 1.4)	1.2(0.6, 2.6)
Moderate (<20 cigarettes per day)
Number of deaths	165	81	17
Person-years of follow-up	60518	32316	5988
Multivariate hazard ratios	1.5(1.2, 1.8)	1.5(1.2, 2.0)	1.7(1.0, 2.7)
Heavy (=20 cigarettes per day)
Number of deaths	199	88	60
Person-years of follow-up	42191	24966	11134
Multivariate hazard ratios	2.2(1.8, 2.8)	1.9(1.4, 2.5)	2.9(2.2, 4.0)
	CVD-related death
Never
Number of deaths	261	23	5
Person-years of follow-up	95789	17097	2086
Multivariate hazard ratios	1.0	0.6(0.4, 0.9)	0.9(0.4, 2.2)
Moderate (<20 cigarettes per day)
Number of deaths	130	42	18
Person-years of follow-up	60518	32316	5988
Multivariate hazard ratios	1.1(0.9, 1.4)	0.8(0.6, 1.2)	1.8(1.1, 3.0)
Heavy (=20 cigarettes per day)
Number of deaths	118	48	21
Person-years of follow-up	42191	24966	11134
Multivariate hazard ratios	1.4(1.1, 1.8)	1.2(0.8, 1.6)	1.1(0.7, 1.9)

Adjusted for age, education, body mass index, tea consumption, and history of any cancer, chronic bronchitis, diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease and stroke.

CVD: cardiovascular disease.