Table 3.
Clinical characteristics and underlying heart disease requiring prophylaxis among subjects with infective endocarditis (IE) in era 3, 1992–2004
| Clinical characteristics | Underlying heart disease (n = 72) | No known heart disease (n = 13) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hospital-acquired IE (n = 46) n (%) | Community-acquired IE (n = 26) n (%) | Hospital-acquired IE (n = 8) n (%) | Community-acquired IE (n = 5) n (%) | |
| Age | ||||
| Median | 3.9 months | 12.3 years | 10.8 months | 2.4 years |
| Age range | 7 days to 12.6 years | 4 months to 18.8 years | 6 days to 15.5 years | 6 months to 6 years |
| <2 years | 34 (74) | 5 (19) | 5 (63) | 2 (40) |
| Cardiac surgery | 27 (57) | 15 (54) | NA | NA |
| Central venous catheter | 32 (70) | 1 (4) | 6 (75) | 0 |
| Pathogens (includes polymicrobial infections) | ||||
| Streptococcal spp. | 5 | 16 | 1 | 4 |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 10 | 5 | 2 | 1 |
| Coagulase negative staphylococci | 13 | 1 | 4 | 0 |
| Enterococcal spp. | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Gram negative bacilli | 8 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Candida spp. | 9 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Aspergillus spp. | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Cyanotic heart disease (n = 20) | ||||
| IE prophylaxis recommended | 20 | |||
| Non-operated | 5 | |||
| Conduit or shunt, persistent cyanosis | 11 | |||
| Other cardiac surgery, persistent cyanosis | 4 | |||
| Acyanotic heart disease (n = 52) | ||||
| IE prophylaxis recommended | 24 | |||
| Prosthetic valve | 10a | |||
| Prosthetic material | 9 | |||
| Surgery within 6 months | ||||
| Surgical repair, residual defect | 4 | |||
| Heart transplant with valvulopathy | 1 | |||
| IE prophylaxis not recommended | 28 | |||
| Valvular disease | 13b | |||
| Patent ductus arteriosus | 8c | |||
| Uncorrected ventricular septal | 3 | |||
| Defect | ||||
| Repaired atroventricular canal | 2 | |||
| Other | 2d | |||
a
Includes 2 subjects with previous endocarditis. The prosthetic valves include 7 patients with homografts in the pulmonary position: 4 patients after the Ross procedure and 3 patients after truncus or pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (VSD) repair
b
Includes 2 subjects with cardiomyopathy, 1 with mitral valve prolapse, and 1 with right coronary cusp prolapse and aortic regurgitation associated with an unrepaired VSD
c
All 8 were preterm infants with hospital-acquired IE, and 7 were unrepaired
d
Includes 1 subject with rheumatic heart disease and 1 subject with heart transplantation